homemade undpban issues and challenges

How many people live in urban areas %

55%

Brics

Brazil Russia India china

What are brics

Worlds main nees

Mints

Mexico Indonesia Nigeria Turkey

Rural urban migration

Movement of people from the countryside to the cities

Push factors

Natural disasters, lack of opportunities, lack of facilities

Pull factors

More jobs, healthcare and education, better quality of life

Natural increase

More young family in city = kids

birth rate > death rate

Mega city

More than 10 million

Mumbai population

1.35 million

Mumbai economy

Biggest is south east Asia

M important region

40% income of state and 3 million commuters

M important nationally

60% all trade and commercial and financial capital

M importance international

Bollywood, largest amount of international companies and Bank of America headquarters

Why has Mumbai grown so fast

Job opportunities, higher wages, better schools and hospitals and better services

M economic opportunity

Goods made can be sold on global market, growth of industrial areas= more jobs with higher wages

M social opportunities

Health education water supply and public services

What is Dharavi

One of the largest slums in Asia

Social challenges m

Little access to basic services - 60% use communal taps , high disease, few sewage systems and high crime 1/3 are victims

Economic challenges m

High unemployment, poorly paid jobs or informal jobs, shortage of skilled workers

Environmental challenges m

Rubbish heaps, air pollution, 800 million litres of untreated sewage into rivers daily

Top down aid m example

Monorail

M monorail

310 million , reduce road congestion, tourists, only through industrial areas not the old city

Example of bottom up aid

Sparc Communal toilet blocks

Sparc communal toilet blocs

Gov run = dirty, poorly maintained. Sparc= clean with electricity and monthly permits 25p

Dharavi slum redevelopment project

Renovate slums into 12 parts

Dharavi slum improvement

Widening roads, piped water, accommodation

Dharavi slum limitations

Cramped accommodation, not everyone gets access to clean water, people can’t afford taxes

Cbd

Central business district, shops and restaurants, business and transportation

Suburbs

Towards edge of city, residential, semi detached homes

Inner city

Residential with some business. Terrace housing, high crime and unemployment rate

Rural urban fringe

Edge of city, lots of open space, large retail parks

L 1700 migration

Welsh are attracted by opportunities

L 1845 migration

Famine 2 million Irish in a decade

L today

50% are Irish

International migration l

1st china town in Europe-1700, oldest black African community

L environmental opportunities

Urban greening (chavasse park) and cycle and pedestrian routes (buses and mersyrail)

L social opportunity

Entertainment and culture

L culture

Food, festivals, china town, bold street

L entertainment

Albert dock, m&s arena, l1 and footy

L employment

Tourism and service, Baltic triangle and Land Rover

L integrated transport

Mersytravel, ferry and cruise terminal, John Lennon airport

L dereliction

Wealthy people left- houses abandoned and vandalism

L waste disposal

More people = more waste. New recycling Center in 2015

Why is it difficult to build on brownfield sites

They will need clearing

Location of Liverpool

North west of England on the river Mersey and is the 2nd largest in the north west

Importance of Liverpool

Unescorted world heritage site, European capital of culture, 840000 tourist

L urban deprivation

À field is most declined area, 20 century

L housing inequality

Regeneration means that wealthy areas getter better services however some people can’t afford them

Unhealthy lifestyle

Smoking and drinking are more common is deprived areas 10 years life expectancy difference

Education inequality

Many leave school early without qualification

Negatives of building on greenfield sites

Pollution, habitat loss and traffic congestion

Negatives of commuter settlements

Traffic congestion, high fuel prices, increased house prices

Energy conservation scheme

Car pooling, making homes energy efficient, large windows, promoting renewable energy

Curatiba waste program

1kg of food for 4 kg of recyclable