og period 3

French and Indian War

Conflict between France and Britain from 1754 to 1763 over territory in North America.

Seven Years War

Global conflict marking the first modern world war, encompassing the French and Indian War.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Agreement that ended the French and Indian War; ceded French territory to Britain.

Proclamation Line of 1763

British decree preventing colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

No taxation without representation

Colonial slogan opposing taxes imposed by the British Parliament in which colonists had no representatives.

Stamp Act of 1765

Tax imposed on paper goods, leading to significant colonial protest.

Quartering Act

Law requiring colonists to provide housing and supplies to British soldiers.

Sons of Liberty

Secret organizations formed to oppose British policies and promote resistance.

Boston Massacre

1770 incident where British soldiers killed five colonists during a protest.

Boston Tea Party

1773 protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor in response to taxation.

Intolerable Acts

Series of punitive laws passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Natural rights

Philosophical concept suggesting that individuals are born with inherent rights to life, liberty, and property.

Social contract

Philosophical theory asserting that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams who advocated for women's rights during the founding of the U.S.

Republican Motherhood

Ideology suggesting that women's role was to educate children in principles of liberty.

Federalism

System of governance where power is divided between a central and state governments.

Articles of Confederation

First constitution for the United States, creating a weak federal government.

Shays' Rebellion

1786 uprising by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and lack of government response.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Legislation that established a government for the Northwest Territory and set a precedent for future states.

Constitution of 1787

Document that established the current framework of U.S. government, replacing the Articles of Confederation.

Separation of powers

Principle that divides government into three branches, each with separate powers.

Great Compromise

Agreement creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement counting three-fifths of enslaved individuals for state representation.

Federalist Papers

Series of essays written advocating for the ratification of the Constitution.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws allowing the government to imprison or deport immigrants and restrict speech against the government.

Whiskey Rebellion

Rebellion against the federal tax on whiskey, demonstrating the federal government's ability to maintain order.

Federalist Party

Political party led by Alexander Hamilton advocating for a strong federal government.

Democratic-Republican Party

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson favoring states' rights over federal authority.

Neutrality Proclamation

Statement by President Washington to avoid involvement in European conflicts.

Jay's Treaty

1794 agreement between Britain and the U.S. resolving issues and leading to British military withdrawal.

Pinckney's Treaty

1795 agreement between the U.S. and Spain establishing borders and opening the Mississippi River for trade.

American identity

Sense of self defined by freedom and liberty distinct from European influences.

Migration and conflict

Movement of settlers westward leading to disputes and displacement of Native American populations.

Abolitionist movement

Campaign against slavery, particularly strong in the northern states post-Revolution.