Rational Design

Walter Dorwin _____ wrote the book _______ ______ _____ in 1940. He added _______ _______ to his letterhead upon landing his first big client (Eastman Kodak). He described beauty as ________ _______. He created the _____ ______ _______ in 1935. It had technical _________, film ________, manual, ______ advance, shutter ________, and ________ attachment

Teague; Design This Day; Industrial Design; visible rightness; Baby Brownie Camera; efficiency; cartridges; film; control; flash

Raymond ______ wrote _______ ______ _____ _____ _____. His nickname was “The Father of ________ _______”. He was featured on the ________ of the Time Magazine in October 31, 1949. He designed the shell of the ________ to carry _____ loads at ______ speeds.

Loewy; Never Leave Well Enough Alone; Industrial Design; cover; locomotive; heavy; advanced;

_______ built the Coldspot “Super Six” refrigerator in 1935. He sold 15,000 in 1935. _______ sales increased 400% due to orders for the ________. By 1940, 275,000 were sold. He ______ the fridge. It was more ________ (rounded edges, flush floor, and recessed handle). It was ______ _______ (weighted door). There was a water ______, ________ aluminum shelves, drawers/baskets, and containers were offered ______ for sale. He also _________ the mimeograph duplicator. _______ was added for protection to mechanism, operating _______ were improved, and loading _____ were added

Loewy; Sears; Coldspot; restyled; streamlined; rational design; cooler; removable; separately; improved; Casing; dials; trays

Loewy said that if two products have the same price, function, and quality, then the separator is the _______ _______. MAYA stands for ______ _______ ______ ________. It was the tug of war between attraction to the _______ and the fear of the ________. People are ______ ready to accept solutions that have too vast of a ________ from what they have been conditioned into accepting as the norm. The public _______ styling changes, but any new design that departs abruptly from the norm is _______. He also _________ the Lucky Strike packaging in 1942. He changed the coloring to white for ______, and the packaging resembled _______ a cigarette

external appearance; Most Advanced Yet Acceptable; new; unfamiliar; not; departure; accepts; risky; redesigned; health; lighting

Henry _________ first worked doing set design for ________ plays. He opened his own firm in 1921. He learned how to draw _______ ______ so that he could impress his clients. He ______ _______ a one-man show at New York’s Museum of Modern Art saying he only wanted his products on display in ________. He _______ the product then made it look better. He wrote _______ _____ _____ which was about being an _______ ________ and how improving on design relies on _______ _______

Dreyfuss; Broadway; upside down; turned down; Macy’s; dissected; Designing for People; industrial designer; problem solving

_________ designed the Model 300 telephone in 1937. It had a ______ handset, a base with a ________, ________ dial, molded in __________ (a hard synthetic plastic invented by Leo Baekeland in 1907 that is an ________, not heat conductive, is lightweight, and is moldable). It was the telephone ________. He ______ gallows shaped funnel on the hand set. It had a ______ base, improved the _______ on the dial, finger ______, the first circle was at _____ o’clock and the last circle was at _____ o’clock, operator, ______ Q and Z, ______ cord, cork ______, tested __________ models of handset, angle of transmitter, taper for ______, and recessed plates.

Dreyfuss; combined; cradle; circular; bakelite; insulator; restyled; removed; weighted; angle; stop; 2; 5; no; covered; feet; prototype; grip

_________ made the Humanscale charts in the 1950s (ex: _______ (male) and _________ (female)). This was the idea of instead of adapting people to machine, _______ adapted to _________ would be the most efficient. It used ______ - scale templates. It used _______ which is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system. It’s also the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize ________ well-being and overall system performance

Dreyfuss; Joe; Josephine; machines; people; full; ergonomics; human

Ergonomics Design has 2 stages:

1. __________ ________: living organism form, object focused shape (ex: Thomas Lamb’s knife handles in the 1950s, Bahco’s knife handles in the 1960s, and Microsoft’s Intellimouse Explorer in 1996)

2. __________ _______: user focused, improve angles of use, accessibility, and adjustability. Examples of this are Ergonomi Design Group’s cutlery in 1972, Fiskars scissors in 1967 (left/right versions, handles _______ to improve angles of use, _______ blades to glide along cutting edge), knee chairs in the 1970s (the ______ are dropped to an angle of about 60 - 70 degrees from vertical, some body weight supported by the _______, open body angle by ________ the angle of the lower body, one leans ______, in repositing the spine ________ in alignment), Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick’s Ergon Chair in 1976 (10 years of ________ in how people sit at their desks, improve the ______ of chairs, University of Wisconsin: Environmental Design Center, collaboration with _________ and vascular specialists, research into how people sit and how people should sit, ______ well _______ well, seat: pocket for the ________, _______base, rolling casters, pneumatic lift, ______ sizes), Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick’s Aeron Chair in 1994 (named after ______, refers to _______, _________ support, arm rest has _____ different levers, _______ _______: provides ventilation flexible to mold to body sturdy, ______ chairs), and Kevin Foley and James O’Halloran’s Radius toothbrush in 1984 (_____ plate, ______ handle)

Biomorphic molding; Improve function; molded; flattened; thighs; shins; lowering; forward; remains; research; comfort; orthopedic; feel; work; body; swiveling; 3; Aeron; aeration; lumbar; 8; pellicle weave; embody; thumb; palm

The Stokke Design Group created the Balans knee chair in the 1970s and the rocker knee chair in the 1990s that had a ________ function that _______ circulation and energized you. Bill ______ stated that good design isn’t just good business, it’s ______ _______

rocking; improved; Stumpf; moral obligation

__________ created the coil cord telephone (500 series) in 1955. The _____ cord was first offered as a _______ option in 1949, then became a ______ feature from 1956. It had a _______ dial (letters/number outside of dialing radius), and ______ angle of dial and dialing. He also created the Princess telephone in 1959 and the touchtone telephone in 1964. It ______ the numerical format from adding machine, and it had _____buttons in contrast to circular cut-outs in rotary dial. He also created the trimline telephone in 1969 (______ buttons replace ______ buttons) and Handset Prototypes (in 1935, he was concerned with fitting into the hand and ______ of use, and in 1969, he was concerned with improving the _______ of act of dialing and _____ focused on the comfort in the hand). Anthropometry (Greek: “________ ________ _______) refers to the measure of the human individual for the purposes of understanding human physical variation

Dreyfuss; coil; premium; standard; transparent; flatter; reverses; square; circular; square; ease; function; not; measurement of humans;

______ ________ refers to function as the controlling factor in problem solving a design issue. Function might include the ______ of use (the “rationale of operating”), improving operating _______ of the design (and multiplying its functions and functional capacity), and _________ (improve appearance so it appeals to the consumer)

Rational Design; ease; efficiency; marketability

The Ice Box (pre 1900) had a ______ door, the GE “ice box” refrigerator (1922) had a _______ mechanism added to the top, and the Coldspot (1930) had a cooling mechanism ______ and a _______ door

latching; cooling; enclosed; latching

Alexander Graham _______ invented the telephone as a _________ shaped instrument (gathered and projected _______). He created the candlestic telephone in 1888 (the transmitter and receiver were both _______ - shaped and had _______ switchboards) and the handset telephone in 1896 (_________ the transmitter, the receiver and transmitter were both ________ - shaped, and had a ______ box which connected with the manual switchboard dialing motion)

Bell; gallows; sound; gallows; manual; integrates; gallows; ringer

The Kodak camera in 1888 was a _____ camera to protect the mechanism. It was loaded with _______ (100 exposures), and the entire ______ was sent to the factory for developing. The Baby Brownie Camera in 1900 had an _______ box to be removed and sent into Kodak for processing

box; film; box; interior

___________ ____________, __________ _________, _______

Raymond Loewy; mimeograph duplicator; 1940

_________ __________, _______ ____ ________ __________, ___________

Raymond Loewy; Coldspot Super Six refrigerator; 1935

______ _______, _____ _______ _______, _______

Raymond Loewy; Lucky Strike packaging; 1942

_____ _______, ________ ________ ________, ___________

Henry Dreyfuss; Model 300 telephone; 1937

_____ _______, __________ _______ ______, ______

Henry Dreyfuss; Coil cord telephone; 1955

_______ _______, _____ ______, __________

Henry Dreyfuss; Princess telephone; 1959

_______ _______, _______ ________, _________

Henry Dreyfuss; Touchtone telephone; 1964

____ ______, ______ _______, _________

Henry Dreyfuss; Trimline telephone; 1969

_____ ______, ______ ______, _______

Henry Dreyfuss; Humanscale Charts; 1950s

________ ______ _______, _________ ________ ______, _______

Walter Dorwin Teague; Baby Brownie camera; 1935

__________ _________, _____ _____ _________, __________

Thomas Lamb; knife handle studies; 1950s

_________ _______ _______, __________

Bahco knife handles; 1960s

________ _______ _________, _________

Microsoft Intellimouse Explorer; 1996

_________ _________ ________, _______, _______

Ergonomi Design Group; cutlery; 1972

_______, __________ _________ _________, __________

Fiskars; orange handled scissors; 1967

______ __________ _________, _________ _____ ______, ______

Stokke Design Group; Balans knee chair; 1990s

_____ _____ _____ _____ ______, ______ ______, ______

Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick; Ergon chair; 1976

_____ _____ _____ _____ ______, ______ ______, ______

Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick; Aeron chair; 1994

_____, ______, ______ _______, ______

Foley; O’Halloran; Radius toothbrush; 1984