bio archaeology

Bioarchaeology

The study of human skeletal remains within their archaeological and mortuary contexts.

Osteoarchaeology

A term used in other countries for the study of human skeletal remains.

Lewis Binford

A key figure in the development of processual archaeology.

Jane Buikstra

The individual who coined the term 'bioarchaeology.'

Useful bones for sex determination

Includes pelvis, greater sciatic notch, pubic bones, and skull.

Pelvis characteristics for sex determination

Round pelvis indicates female; male pelvis is thinner and sloping.

Keldudalur cemetery

An archaeological site from the late Viking age with sex-segregated burials.

Methods of accessing skeletal age

Includes bone ossification, bone fusion, dental development, and bone degeneration.

Epiphyseal fusion sequence acronym

E.H.A.K.W.S. stands for elbow, hip, ankle, knee, wrist, shoulder.

Dental development as age indicator

Most accurate age indicator in subadults, controlled by genetic factors.

Alveolar resorption

Progressive deterioration of the alveolar region affecting tooth loss and periodontal disease.

Griffin warrior tomb

A significant burial site from the 13th century BCE at Mycenaean Pylos.

Gender-based social inequalities

Differences in social status or privileges based on one's gender, observed in the burial practices of certain societies.

Bone ossification

The process of bone formation that can indicate fetal age.

Cranial suture closure

A method used to determine age in adults based on the closure of cranial sutures.

Very aged changes in bones

Include pronounced granulations, thinning of parietals, and alveolar resorption.

Sub-adults in the Byzantine Near East

Identified as 13-15 years old based on dental development, close to the age of adulthood.

Thinning parietals

Aging-related change seen in the sides of the cranium, exemplified in mummies.

Bone aging indicators

Changes such as tooth loss, thinning parietals, and alveolar resorption can indicate age.

methods of aging

Fetal age

-bone ossification

-dental development

Juveniles

-epiphyseal fusion

Adults

-cranial suture closure

Very old

-degenerative changes