6.2.2 Amino acids, amides and chirality

What is optical isomerism an example of?

stereoisomerism

How many naturally occurring amino acids are there

Give 3 examples of proteins

What are naturally occuring amino acids called?

What is the general formula of an amino acid

Give 3 examples of amino acids

Can amino acids act as acids?

Can amino acids act as bases?

Give 3 things amino acids react with

What type of reaction occurs between amino acids and acids?

Where on the amino acids react with acids?

What is produced when an amino acid reacts with a salt?

Define stereoisomerism

Molecules with the same structural formulae but a different arrangement of their atoms in space

Define optical isomers

a pair of non-superimposable mirror images of one another

What is optical isomerism found in?

organic molecules with a chiral carbon

What is a chiral carbon?

a carbon atom attatched to 4 different groups

How is a chiral carbon indicated?

an asterisk

How are optical iomers drawn?

using the 3D structure

What is the bond angle around a chiral carbon?

109.5*

What is the shape around a chiral carbon?

tetrahedral

What are a pair of optical isomer also known as?

enantiomers

Where n is the number of chiral carbons, what is the number of optical isomers?

2^n

Draw the optical isomers of 2, aminopentanoic acid

Draw all stereoisomers of 4-hydroxypent-2-ene