Superficial Back

origins and insertions, nerve innervation and blood supply, and actions

Trapezius origin

1. External occipital protuberance

2. Superior nuchal line

3. Nuchal ligament

4. Spinous processes of C7 and T1-T12

Trapezius insertion

1. Superior aspect of spine of the scapula

2. Medial aspect of acromion process

3. Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, posterior superior aspect

Trapezius nerve innervation

Spinal accessory nerve which arise from cervical spinal cord and brainstem, and branches from the ventral primary rami of C3 & C4 spinal nerves

Trapezius blood supply

Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery which arises from the subclavian artery and crosses the posterior cervical triangle to the deep surface of the trapezius

Trapezius action (upper)

elevation of distal clavicle and scapula, with cervical extension

Trapezius action (middle)

adduction (ADD) and upward rotation of scapula

Trapezius action (lower)

ADD and depression of scapula

Latissimus dorsi origin

1. Spinous processes of T7-T12 and all lumbar spines

2. Thoracolumbar fascia

3. Iliac crest

4. Lower three ribs

Latissimus dorsi insertion

Floor of the intertubercle groove of the humerus

Latissimus dorsi nerve innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve which arise from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Latissimus dorsi blood supply

Thoracodorsal artery which is a branch from the sub scapular artery from the 3rd part of the axillary artery

Latissimus dorsi action

extension (EXT) and adduction (ADD) of upper extremity

Rhomboid Major origin

Spinous processes T2-T5

Rhomboid Major insertion

Medial border of scapula

Rhomboid Major nerve innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Major blood supply

dorsal scapular artery

Rhomboid Major action

adducts, rotates, and elevates the scapula

Rhomboid Minor origin

ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7 & T1

Rhomboid Minor insertion

medial border of scapula

Rhomboid Minor nerve innervation

dorsal scapular artery

Rhomboid Minor action

adducts, rotates, and elevates the scapula

Levator Scapulae origin

transverse processes C1-C4

Levator Scapulae insertion

superior angle of the scapula

Levator Scapulae nerve innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae blood supply

dorsal scapular artery

Levator Scapulae action

elevates and rotates the scapula