Acid-balancce Imbalance

How does respiratory acidosis occur?

Hypotension causes respiratory acidosis which increases CO2 levels.

How does respiratory alkalosis occur?

Hypertension causes respiratory alkalosis which decreases CO2 levels.

How does metabolic acidosis occur?

Metabolic acidosis is due to an addition of metabolic acids to blood or loss of HCO3- from the blood.

How does metabolic alkalosis occur?

Metabolic alkalosis is due to the loss of metabolic acids to blood or gain of HCO3- from the blood.

Will both H+ and HCO3- increase in respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis?

Respiratory acidosis

Will both H+ and HCO3- decrease in respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis?

Respiratory alkalosis

Will H+ increase and HCO3- decrease in respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis

Will HCO3- increase and H+ decrease in respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis?

Metabolic alkalosis

What type of acid-base imbalance develops due to vomiting                                            and why?

Loss of hydrogen ions from the stomach: no H+ absorbed into the blood and H+ shifts from blood into stomach dropping the blood H+  increased blood pH

What type of acid-base imbalance develops due to                                                diarrhea and why?

HCO3- is not absorbed into small intestine. HCO3- shifts from blood into the small intestine thus increasing the H+ in blood  decreased blood pH

What type of acid-base imbalance develops as one moves to                            higher altitudes and why?

Hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis is seen in a person having a panic attack or person moved to higher altitude where PO2 is lower and hyperventilation is occurring in an attempt to increase PO2.

What type of acid-base imbalance develops due to overuse                                of antacids and why?

Metabolic alkalosis neutralizes stomach acid and H+ shifts from stomach dropping the blood  increased blood pH

What type of acid-base imbalance develops due to aspirin                      poisoning?

• causes metabolic acidosis

• when aspirin is consumed it’s metabolized into acid

• ingesting too many tablets causes the blood to be acidic and pH decreases

metabolic acidosis (short-term and long-term)

Hyperventilation  decreases blood CO2  H+ in blood thus increassing blood pH toward normal range

metabolic alkalosis (short-term and long-term)

Hypoventilation  increase CO2  increase H+  decrease blood pH toward normal range

respiratory alkalosis

Initial/immediate compensatory mechanism

Hyperventilation  decrease blood CO2  decreases H+ in blood thus increasing blood pH toward normal range