Anatomy and Physiology Practicum Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering anatomical terminology, skeletal structures (ribs, sternum, vertebrae, long bones), histology of bone tissue, and integumentary system components based on lecture notes.

Chondral

Relating to cartilage.

Sternum

Also known as the breast bone.

Foramen

A round or oval opening through a bone.

Suture

A seam or stitch.

Vertebral ribs

Called floating ribs because they do not attach to any other ribs or to the sternum; these are ribs $11$ and $12$.

False ribs

Ribs #$8$ to #$12$ that do not attach directly to the sternum; specifically vertebrochondral ribs.

True ribs

Also known as vertebrosternal ribs, these attach directly to the sternum and are ribs #$1$ to #$7$.

Manubrium

The upper portion of the sternum.

Xiphoid process

The small cartilaginous process comprising the lower part of the sternum.

Sternal angle

Also known as the notch, located between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

Cervical vertebrae

The first section of the vertebral column containing $7$ vertebrae.

Thoracic vertebrae

The second section of the vertebral column containing $12$ vertebrae.

Lumbar vertebrae

The third section of the vertebral column containing $5$ vertebrae.

Atlas

The first cervical vertebra.

Axis

The second cervical vertebra.

Odontoid (dens)

A prominent process on the axis vertebra.

Transverse foramen

Opening in the transverse process of a vertebra.

Canaliculus

A tiny canal in bone tissue histology.

Osteon

The fundamental functional unit of compact bone.

Lamella

Layers or rings of bone matrix in an osteon.

Diaphysis

The shaft or long main portion of a bone.

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone.

Periosteum

The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones.

Endosteum

The thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.

Medullary cavity

The central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored.

Arrector pili muscle

Tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand up.

Sudoriferous gland

A sweat gland.

Sebaceous gland

A oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles.

Hypodermis

Also known as the subcutaneous layer; the deepest layer of the integument.

Hyoid

a horseshoe-shaped, "floating" bone located in the front of the neck, just above the larynx (voice box) and below the jaw.

Body of vertebrae