NLST (finals) - ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD stands for?

ADHD

Is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Functioning, development in school, home and social settings

What does these behaviors interfere with?

Predominantly Inattentive

A type of ADHD where patient has difficulty focusing, easily distracted, often forgetful, and has trouble following instructions

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

A type of ADHD where patient exhibits excessive moments (like fidgeting and running), difficulty staying seated, interrupting others, and acts without thinking

Combined

A type of ADHD where patience has presence of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

(IT IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE)

Before age 12

At what age does symptoms usually manifest for ADHD patients?

Inattention

Symptom of ADHD with SHORT ATTENTION SPAN, careless mistakes in schoolwork, difficulty organizing tasks, and frequently losing things

Hyperactivity

Symptom of ADHD with CONSTANT MOVEMENT, restlessness, talking excessively, difficulty engaging in quiet activities

Impulsivity

Symptom of ADHD where patient interrupts conversations, difficulty waiting for one's turn, acts without considering consequences

Etiology of ADHD

It is a multifactorial condition involving biological and environmental influences

Genetic Factors

Strong hereditary link, runs in families

Brain Structure and Function

Differences in brain areas controlling attention and behavior

Environmental Factors

Prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and toxins. (Low birth weight/Premature birth as well)

It plays an important supportive role

While nutrition does not cause or cure ADHD, what does it do for the patient?

Irregular eating patterns and preference for sugary or processed foods

Common issues in ADHD patient when it comes to nutrient intake?

Protein

Nutrient that supports brain function and neurotransmitters

Omega-3 fatty acids

Nutrient that may improve attention

Iron and Zinc

Nutrients linked to cognitive function

Magnesium

Nutrient that helps calm the nervous system

Whole grains, lean proteins, fruit and vegetables

Meals should include what?

Excess sugar and artificial additives

What should we limit in the dietary intake of an ADHD patient?

Behavioral Therapy

Positive reinforcement, structured routines, clear rules and expectations

Educational Support

Individualized teaching strategies, break tasks into smaller steps and allow movement breaks

Medications

Stimulants and non-stimulant medications, it helps improve focus and impulse control

Parent and Teacher Involvement

Consistent support at home and school, behavior management strategies

Psychological Intervention

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, it helps manage emotions and impulsivity; as well as improving coping strategies

Social Skills Training

Enhances peer interaction and teaches appropriate behavior in social settings

Creative, Energetic, Spontaneous and good problem-solvers

Strengths of children with ADHD?

Seat near teacher, minimize distractions, use visual aids and reminders, provide frequent feedback

Classroom strategies for children with ADHD?