How Children Develop - Lecture Notes Review

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on child development, focusing on attachment, early adversity, self-concept, and assessment methods.

What is the expected environment for a developing child according to the lecture notes?

A safe environment, proper nutrition, protection from illness, responsiveness to emotional needs, and establishment of a secure attachment.

What impactful effects does early adversity have on child development?

Early adversity leads to lasting effects on development outcomes, especially if it occurs during critical periods when expectable input is absent.

What key study is referenced concerning early adversity and children?

The Romanian Orphanage Study, focusing on the conditions of children in state-run orphanages due to policies by dictator Ceausescu.

What was the primary goal of Ceausescu's policies in Romania?

To increase the population of 'pure' Romanians by banning contraception and abortions for families with fewer than 4 children.

What was established by the Bucharest Early Intervention Project?

It was the first randomized trial of foster care as an intervention for social deprivation associated with institutionalization.

What measures were taken to address the ethical considerations in the Romanian adoption study?

Assurances that no child placed in foster care would return to the institution and that services would be provided to families needing intervention.

What are the domains of assessment for children in the study?

Physical development, language, social functioning, attachment, cognition, temperament, brain function, and mental health problems.

What was found regarding attachment classifications in institutionalized versus never-institutionalized groups?

Institutionalized children had a much higher percentage of insecure attachment classifications, with 65.3% disorganized compared to 22.0% in the never-institutionalized group.

What are the two main types of Reactive Attachment Disorders (RAD)?

RAD Inhibited/Emotionally withdrawn and RAD disinhibited/indiscriminate.

What influences the development of self-concept according to the lecture notes?

Interactions with people and environments primarily influence the development of self-concept.

At what age does self-recognition appear in children, according to the 'rouge test'?

At 18–20 months.

How do self-appraisals typically appear in children ages 3-4?

Unrealistically confident due to cognitive limitations.

What interventions are suggested for improving self-awareness among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Joint attention activities and direct instruction about their diagnosis.

What does the term 'interdependent self-construal' refer to?

How one's self is defined in relation to others, often aligning with collectivist cultures.