muscular skeletal

Muscle Tissue

composed of contractile cells (fibers) that provide movement of an organ or body part

Skeletal Muscle

voluntary, striated; moves tongue, eyes, and bones

Cardiac Muscle

found only in the heart; involuntary

Smooth Muscle

involuntary (visceral); found in organs, arteries, respiratory passages, urinary and reproductive ducts

Attachments

ligaments and tendons

Ligaments

flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone and stabilize joints

Tendons

strong, inelastic cords that attach muscle to bone

Bone Types

long (radius, ulna, femur, humerus), short (wrist, feet), flat (skull), irregular (vertebrae)

Axial Skeleton

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Appendicular Skeleton

bones of arms, legs, hands, and feet

Clavicle

collarbone

Coccyx

tailbone

Ilium

hip bone

Metacarpals

bones of the hand

Radius

lateral forearm bone (thumb side)

Scapula

shoulder blade

Sternum

breastbone

Branchi/o

arm

Carp/o

wrist

Cephal/o

head

Dactyl/o

fingers or toes

Spondyl/o

vertebrae

Calcane/o

heel bone

Patell/o

kneecap

Arthr/o

joint

Chondr/o

cartilage

Myel/o

bone marrow

Synov/o

synovial membrane (fluid-filled joint lining)

Tendin/o

tendon

Open Fracture

bone breaks through skin; high infection risk

Comminuted Fracture

bone breaks into multiple pieces

Impacted Fracture

bones are driven into each other

Pathologic Fracture

break due to weakened bone (tumor/disease)

Spiral Fracture

twisting break, common in falls

Avulsion Fracture

tendon/ligament pulls off a piece of bone

Arthritis

inflammation of joints

Osteoarthritis

degeneration of cartilage causing pain and stiffness

Bone Spur

extra bone growth due to joint wear

Crepitation

crackling/grating sound from bone rubbing together

Rheumatoid Arthritis

autoimmune joint disease causing inflammation and deformity

Osteomyelitis

infection/inflammation of bone and marrow

Gout

uric acid crystal buildup causing joint inflammation

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine

Muscular Dystrophy

inherited muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass

Contracture

permanent tightening of muscles/tissues limiting movement

Hallux Valgus

bunion; big toe angled toward other toes

Ganglion Cyst

fluid-filled sac on joints/tendons (often wrist)

Herniated Disc

rupture of spinal disc causing pain/numbness

Sprain and Strain

ligament injury (sprain); muscle/tendon injury (strain)

Exacerbation

worsening of a condition