Microbiology Exam 4

University of Iowa - MICR:3164 (add treatment questions, review tables for each disease)

proprionibacterium acne diseases

acne

proprionibacterium acne key identifiers

teenagers, pustules, opportunistic

pseudomonas aeruginosa diseases

dermatitis (hot tub rash), otitis externa (swimmer’s ear), burn wounds (nosocomial)

pseudomonas aeruginosa key identifiers

green, soil/water → naturally resistant to antibiotics

staphylococcus aureus skin diseases

impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis

staphylococcus aureus toxemias

toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome

staphylococcus aureus indicators

MRSA, catalase +, Protein A, TSST-1, exfoliative toxin

CA MRSA indicator

PVL gene

streptococcus pyogenes skin diseases

impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis

streptococcus pyogenes diseases (not skin)

sepsis, strep throat (pharyngitis), rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

streptococcus pyogenes indicators

catalase -, M Protein (rheumatic fever), SPE A and SLO, erythrogenic toxin

bacillus anthracis disease

cutaneous anthrax

bacillus anthracis indicators

endospores, black lesions, bioterrorism

Exanthem Viruses

Measles, Rubella, Roseola, Chickenpox/Shingles, Fifth Disease

measles virus diseases

measles, immune amnesia, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

measles virus indicators

Koplik spots, very contagious

rubella virus diseases

rubella (German measles), congenital rubella syndrome

rubella virus indicators

macular rash, biggest concern is pregnant mothers (birth defects)

human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) diseases

roseola

roseola indicators

common and mild disease, macular rash

varicella-zoster virus diseases

chickenpox (varicella), shingles (zoster)

chickenpox indicators

rash with vesicles, latent in nerve cells

shingles indicators

virus reactivated in nerve, vesicles on dermatomes, most cases adults over 50

chickenpox and shingles vaccines

chickenpox: live-attenuated, shingles: specific and subunit

parvovirus B19 disease

fifth disease

parvovirus B19 indicators

“slapped cheek” rash, respiratory symptoms

HSV-1 diseases

cold sores, cutaneous herpes, keratitis, encephalitis

HSV-1 indicators

vesicular rash, virus goes latent in nerve ganglion

Coxsackievirus 16 disease

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Coxsackievirus 16 indicators

common in children and daycares, enterovirus (stomach infection)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) disease

warts

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) indicators

rough papules, transmitted via direct contact

dermatophyte diseases

ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, other tinea

dermatophyte indicators

fungi on skin

candida albicans diseases

candidiasis (yeast infections)

candida albicans indicators

immunocompromised/AIDS patients, prevalent after antibiotic use

leishmania species disease

leishmaniasis

leishmania indicators

volcanic ulcers, spread by vector, protozoa

helminth (ancylostoma duodenale) disease

hookworm

helminth (ancylostoma duodenale) indicators

barefoot/contaminated soil, southern U.S., eggs in stool

mites (sarcoptes scabiei) disease

scabies

mites (sarcoptes scabiei) indicators

eggs laid under the skin, itchy maculopapular rash, insects

lice (pediculus humanas capitis) indicators

itchy scalp, insects, resistant to insecticides

conjunctivitis (pink eye) indicators

clear discharge - viral

purulent discharge- bacterial

neisseria gonorrhoeae disease

opthamalia neonatorum (newborn conjunctivitis)

chlamydia trachomatis

opthamalia neonatorum (newborn conjunctivitis)

opthamalia neonatorum (newborn conjunctivitis) indicators

mother has STI, infected during vaginal delivery, newborns given eyedrops

chlamydia trachomatis

trachoma

trachoma indicators

conjunctiva infection causes scarring that damage cornea, blindness, inward lashes, obligate intracellular bacteria

obligate intracellular bacteria

require eukaryotic host cells to replicate and survive, “true parasites”

keratitis indicators

infects cornea, reactivation of latent virus, can cause blindness

histoplasmosis capsulatum (fungus) diseases

ocular histoplasmosis

ocular histoplasmosis indicators

immunocompromised (fungus), contaminated soil, abnormal blood vessel growth, can cause blindness, no antifungals used for treatment