AP hum GEO Religion

Religion

Organized beliefs/practices about the sacred

Monotheism

One god (Islam)

Polytheism

Multiple gods (Hinduism)

Animism

Spirits in nature

Universalizing Religion

Seeks converts, global (Christianity)

Ethnic Religion

Tied to one group/place (Hinduism)

Relocation Diffusion

Spread through migration

Expansion Diffusion

Spreads outward but stays strong at origin multiple types of diffusion

Hierarchical Diffusion

Through power/authority

high-connectedness (cities, celebrities, elites) to smaller or less-connected places.

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid person-to-person

Viral videos, diseases, or the spread of hip-hop music.

Stimulus Diffusion

The idea is adopted but modified to fit the local culture.

McDonald’s opening in India and replacing beef with veggie options

Branch

Large division (e.g., Sunni vs Shia)

Denomination

Smaller division (Baptist, Catholic)

Sect

Breakaway group

Pilgrimage

Religious journey (Mecca)

Cultural Landscape

Visible human impact

(temples, churches)

Religious Landscape

How religion shapes land

Secularism

Separation of religion & state

Theocracy

Government run by religious leaders

Fundamentalism

Strict interpretation of religion

Religious Conflict

Disputes tied to beliefs/territory

State

Political unit with sovereignty

Nation

People with shared culture

Nation-State

One nation in one state (Japan)

Multinational State

Multiple nations (U.S., Russia)

Stateless Nation

No state (Kurds)

Boundary

Border between states

Geometric Boundary

Straight line

Physical Boundary

Natural feature

Cultural Boundary

Based on culture/religion

Antecedent Boundary

Before settlement

Subsequent Boundary

After settlement

Unitary State

Centralized power

Federal State

Shared power (U.S.)

Autonomous Region

Self-governing area

Democracy

People rule

Authoritarian

One leader/group controls

Development

Standard of living

GDP per Capita

Avg income per person

HDI (Human Development Index)

Health + education + income

Primary Sector

Raw materials

Mining, fishing, lumber, agriculture, etc

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing

Manufacturing, construction, utilities, etc

Tertiary Sector

Services

Retail, tourism, entertainment, etc

Quaternary Sector

Knowledge (tech, research)

finance, insurance, marketing, and wholesaling.

Quinary

highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy

CEO, school superintendent, etc

Supranational Organization

Countries working together

Globalization

Increased global connections

Ethnic Conflict

Conflict between groups