Lab Animal Health Exam 1

Which of the following is responsible for the approval of all Animal Use protocols for animals used in research?

IACUC

What does AALAS stand for?

American Association for Laboratory Animal Science

Which of the following indicates that you are certified as a Laboratory Animal Technologist?

RLATG

AALAS was established in 1967 for what purpose?

To establish and maintain a minimum standard of care for animals used in scientific and biomedical research

Who is responsible for designing the experiment, analyzing the data, and reporting the results of a study?

Primary Investigator (PI)

Who is responsible for coordinating all animal care and compliance with regulations in research?

Lab Animal Veterinarian

Which of the following protects pet owners from pet theft for resale or exhibition?

AWA

What are the Three R's of Ethics in animal research?

Replace, Refine, Reduce

What does IACUC stand for?

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Which of the following species is the most commonly used in laboratory animal science?

rats and mice

No more than how many members of the IACUC may be affiliated directly with the institution conducting the research?

THREE

What is the Animal Use Protocol?

detailed description of the procedures involving the use of animals in a research project

Which of the following species are covered by the PHS Policy but NOT by the AWA?

Rats and mice bred exclusively for research

Which of the following covers all species used in research and requires adherence to ethics and all regulations?

US Government Principles

Which of the following agencies enforces adherence to the AWA and the Ag Guide?

USDA - APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)

Which of the following agencies enforces adherence to PHS Policy and the Guide?

NIH - OLAW (Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare)

Which of the following is required to obtain certification in laboratory animal science?

No degree in Veterinary Medical Technology is required, but it does help!

What is the AAALAC, International?

Private, nonprofit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science through VOLUNTARY accreditation and assessment programs

What species are covered by The Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations (AWA)?

• All warm-blooded vertebrates used in research

• All wild mammals including wild rats and mice

What species are covered by the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

-All warm-blooded vertebrates used in research

• All wild mammals, including wild rats and mice

• All birds, rats, and mice bred exclusively for research

• All Cold-blooded vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, fish)

What species are covered by the US Government Principles?

• All warm-blooded vertebrates used in research

• All wild mammals, including wild rats and mice

• All birds, rats, and mice bred exclusively for research

• All Cold-blooded vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, fish)

• All farm animals used or intended for use as food or fiber

• All farm animals intended for use in studies to improve animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency.

What species are covered by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

• All warm-blooded vertebrates

• All cold-blooded vertebrates

• Includes all wildlife and aquatic animals

• All farm animals used for biomedical research

• Include all birds, rats, and mice

What species are covered by the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Teaching and Research?

• All farm animals used or intended for use as food or fiber

• All farm animals intended for use in studies to improve animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency.

What is a disaster plan?

Response to a natural disaster impacting the research facility

What is a biosecurity plan?

protects animals, agents, and materials from vandalism and theft

What is the purpose of the OSHP?

Protects your health and safety while working at a research facility.

What is a hazard?

A material or system with the potential to cause harm.

Sharps containers should be sealed for disposal once they are how full?

2/3 full

What is a risk?

The likelihood that danger will occur and impact your health and safety.

What Health Changes Should You Report to the OHSP?

• Pregnancy

• Recovering from recent surgery

• Taking certain medications such as steroids

• Suffering from an illness or medical condition

You are bitten by an animal at the facility. The first thing you should do is:

Scrub the site with soap and warm water if bleeding and tell your boss!

Which animal used in research is most frequently responsible for allergies in personnel?

rats

If you develop an allergy while working with any species, you should:

Temporarily stop working with that species until stabilized with treatment.

Which of the following materials would NOT be appropriate for producing animal caging?

wood

Methods of water disinfection:

• Acid

• Chlorine

• Reverse osmosis

• Ultraviolet radiation

Bedding disposal station

protects from allergens

Class 1 biological safety cabinet

• Personnel protection only

• Protect the user and environment but not product

• All exhaust air passes through HEPA filters

• Rarely used

Class 2 biological safety cabinet

• Product and personnel protection

• High volume of vertical laminar-flow HEPA-filtered air coming down from top of the cabinet and across work surface

• Most commonly used

class 3 biological safety cabinets

Highest degree of personnel and environmental protection from infectious aerosols

What nutrient do guinea pigs need in their diet?

Vitamin C

Which cage type would be most appropriate for housing multiple cats, sheep, or non-human primates in the same cage?

gang cage

Which of the following types of caging is most commonly used for rats and mice in research?

shoebox rodent cage

Why is identical caging important for housing animals in the same research study?

Prevents the introduction of unknown variables

Which of the following cages would you use for measurement of urine and feces in a study?

metabolism cage

What type of cage is permitted to be made of wood or cardboard?

Transport container for shipping

What does the term 'lixit' refer to in laboratory animal science?

The spout which provides water for an automatic watering system.

What are isolators used for?

containment and high levels of animal protection

Microenvironment

environmental conditions within the cage or pen

Macroenvironment

environmental conditions in the room (temp, humidity, noise, odors)

What can low humidity lead to in lab animals?

ringtail and resp problems

The suffix '-cidal' stands for:

to kill

If odors are present in an animal room, which of the following needs to be evaluated?

ventilation

For which of the following would negative pressure be most appropriate?

Isolation and quarantine

Why should animals with a specific microbiological status be housed in positive pressure rooms?

Positive pressure prevents outside contaminants from coming into the room.

A light/dark cycle written as 14/10 or 14:10 tells you that the animals should receive how many hours of darkness?

10

Bioexclusion rooms should be maintained under which type of pressure?

positive

Biocontainment rooms should be maintained under which type of pressure?

negative

Which of the following is considered a barrier?

Biosafety cabinets, PPE, Ventilation

The suffix '-static' stands for:

inhibits growth

Sterilization performs which of the following?

kills all microorganisms that are present on a surface

You would use a RODAC plate to perform which of the following in the animal room?

Testing of cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization procedures

T/F: The microenvironment is the area surrounding the animal's cage such as the animal room and even the facility beyond.

False

T/F: The microenvironment is the area within the animal's cage, run, or pen where the animal is housed.

True

T/F: Bedding and feed should be stored in the animal room to ensure easy access to these items.

False

Acceptable humidity range:

30-70%

Higher air flow rates help control dust. How many ACH are recommended?

10-15

Negative pressure rooms

Quarantine, biohazardous rooms

Positive pressure rooms

Surgical suites, barrier rooms

Changes in light can cause....

stress and affect breeding efficiency

Many fish species only feed in ______-light conditions and require ________ light levels

low; lower

How much does 1 gallon of water weigh?

8.32 pounds

Conductivity

amount of dissolved salts and minerals in water

Water hardness

measure of calcium and magnesium ions present in water

Dissolved oxygen

amount of dissolved oxygen directly affected by the temperature of the water

Nitrogenous wastes

toxic to fish and must be removed

Level of oxygen ___________ as temperature increases

decreases

Chlorine/chloramine can:

• Kill microbes in biological filter

• Cause chlorine toxicity (gill necrosis and death by asphyxiation)

• Damage protective slime coat of amphibians

Barrier (bioexclusion)

prevents introduction of all infectious agents from getting into a room

Barrier (biocontainment)

prevents the pathogens present in the room from being released into the environment or into the adjacent animal populations

Quarantine area

separates incoming animals of unknown health status from animals already housed in facility

Why is it important to physically remove organic matter prior to washing?

• Debris interferes with the sanitization process

• Some chemicals are inactivated in the presence of organic matter (feed, feces, bedding)

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

Inactivated by organic debris

Quaternary ammonium

weak disinfectant

Phenols may adversely affect:

cats, birds, and some reptiles

Which of the following is considered the most important nutrient?

water

Water is the key component of the___________

blood

Water makes up _______ of the body in weight.

2/3

Which of the following is a building block for proteins?

amino acids

An essential amino acid is considered essential because:

It can only be obtained in the diet.

Which of the following serves as the primary and the most rapid source of energy in the body?

carbohydrates

What is the primary source for carbs in an animal's diet?

grains

Why is fiber not considered to be a nutrient?

-It does not provide calories

-It cannot be digested for nutrients

Lipids are made up of which of the following building blocks?

fatty acids

Lipids provide ________of the calories in an animal's diet!

10-25%

What are two essential fatty acids?

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

Which of the following are water soluble vitamins?

B and C

Why are fat soluble vitamins less critical compared to water soluble vitamins?

Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body for later use as needed.

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Which mineral is essential for binding with hemoglobin in RBCs for oxygen transport?

Iron (Fe)

Why should you NOT feed alfalfa hay in large amounts to guinea pigs?

High calcium; low Mg content