History exam 1

Battle of Yorktown

1781

Victory for Americans against Cornwallis who surrenders October 19, 1781. Happens after battle of Saratoga which had made the American revolution a global war. Beginning of American independence

Mercantilism

Government regulation to enhance England’s national power. Colonists would produce exports for England, while also importing goods from England

Republican Motherhood

Came post-revolution. Women trained their sons republican values, and indirectly influenced the nations political future.

Battle of Jumonville

1754

May 28, Goerge Washington troops ambushed french camp. French leader, Jumonville, was killed by their Indian ally Tanacharison, as well as most others of the french group. However, George washington is the one accused of killing him.

Mayflower Compact

agreement by 41 men to obey laws chosen by representatives

Seven years war

Begins from tensions over land between british and french. Battle of Jumonville happens during this war. British starts winning and keeps winning, leading to Treaty of paris (1763)

The Starving Time

Winter of 1609-1610

Jamestown was going through drought, delayed supplies, and conflict with the Powhatan. Severe starvation, evidence of cannibalism

Tobacco

Exported from North America. Substitute for Gold, production soured by late 17th century with a “get rich quick” mindset. Virginia made this their major cash crop

Anglicization

A process where english settlers became more and more english instead of American. Attemps to follow an aristocratic lifestyle caused American planters to go into debt

Battle of Saratoga

After the declaration of independence, britain aimed to crush their rebellion. Battle of Saratoga Britian attempts to take upstate New York and the Hudson river. Colonists win, convincing French to join their cause. Conflict turns global

Yamasee war

1715

Yamasee was upset over trade debts, decreasing rates for captives, and raids. Aided by muscogee, killed over 100 english traders, attacked plantations, and killed settlers. Cause english to switch to african slaves instead of indigenous.

Columbian exchange

the flow of goods, people, ideas and diseases between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia

Bacons rebellion

Govener Berkely of Virgina opposed settlement on native lands, angering colonists. Nathaniel bacon massacered Occaneechi allies, causing a revolt from Native americans against Berkelys rule. Bacon marched on Jamestown and burned it down, briefely taking control of Virginia unitl british back up came.

Aftermath of Bacons rebellion

23 of Bacons followers hung, bacon died before end of rebellion so never faced consequences. Property qualifications for voting were restored, taxes were reduced, indentured servents received 50 acres of land after their service, native lands given to white settlers, shift to slaves from white servants to avoid rebellions.

European vs Native society

In native societies, slavery was not long term, and natives could eventually gain citizenship through adoption rituals. European slavery harsher than native. European society had hierechal societies, patriarchal and coveture. Native society more equal and matrilineal

Dunmores proclamation

1775

promised freedom to indentured servants and slaves who joined british troops. Britain hoped slave owners would be more worried about a slave rebellion than fighting. In response Virginia convention drafted a declaration allowing slaves a 10 day grace period to come back, others would face harsh consequences

Jamestown

1607

First permanent english settlement, sponsored by the virginia company. 104 men with inadequete supplies seeking gold and recourses. Constant change in leadership, few farmers or workers, and diseases. By 1608 population fell in half until1609 where new arrivals brought population to 400.

Bill for establishing religious freedom

Plymouth established self governence and religious freedom. Their governor John Winthrop believed freedom came from submission to authority. Not actually religiously tolerant but believed if you put in the hard work they wont say anything about it.

Battles of lexington and concord

April 19, 1775

Paul revered warned the british were coming and enabled american colonist preparation. british were outnumbered, low on ammunition, and forced to retreat to boston. outbreak of the revolutionary war

Middle passage

“middle legs” of the triangular trade. Transported enslaved africans to the americas and caribbean. approx 12 million transported. stripped naked before boarding, cramped conditions, lack of sanitization, epidemics, captives attempted suicide or rebellion.

Roanoke

Founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh, good pirating location but conflict with natives. abandoned by 1586. A second attempt to settle was made and abandoned again by 1690 with the only word being left “croaton” leading to theories that they were all killed by this tribe or some survived and this was where they went

Intolerable acts

1774

series of british laws in response to the boston tea party that most directly leads to the revolution

Triangular trade

triangular trading routes in the 18th century that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. European goods sent to Africa, African slaves sent to America (AKA the middle passage), Americas sent raw materials to Europe. Different from the columbian exchange, this was specifically expanded to increase slave trade

Battle of fort necessity

1754

Built after battle of Jumonville anticipating a counter attack. July 3 Jumonvilles half brother attacks and washington surrenders, Washington signs document saying he murdered Jumonville.

Thomas Paine

Wrote the pamphlet “Common Sense” in 1776. Harshly critiqued the british government and encouraged colonists to identify as American instead of British. Created public support for the revolution and pushed leaders to declare independence.

Proclamation line of 1763

Issued in response to pontiacs war. prohibited colonial settlement west of the appalachian, and banned private sale of indian lands. angered those who hoped to move west and profit off the land. settlers in 7 year war were not happy

King philips war

1675-1678

John Sassamon warned plymoth colony of King philips plan to attack english settlments. His warning was ignored and he was murdered, they executed 3 Wampanoags men for his murderer, angering philip. A native alliance attacked new englanders encroaching on their land, marking the start of King philips war. English win and as a result expanded english settlements, many Wampanoags were killed and removed