Cells Under the Microscope

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to cellular structures and functions based on the laboratory notes.

Cell theory

The theory that states: all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic cells

Simple cells that lack membrane-bound organelles and have DNA located in the cytoplasm; examples include bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic cells

More complex cells that contain membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus, such as plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Plasma membrane

The outer boundary of the cell, separating it from the external environment.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like matrix inside the plasma membrane where all cellular chemical reactions occur.

Ribosomes

Small structures that are the site of protein synthesis within a cell.

Cytoplasmic streaming

The directed flow of cytosol and organelles within cells, aiding in distribution of nutrients and materials.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Cell wall

A rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells, providing structural support.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that houses genetic material (DNA) in eukaryotic cells.

Flagella

Long, slender projections that aid in cell locomotion.

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic bacteria, also known as blue-green algae, commonly found in aquatic ecosystems.

Chromatin

The form of genetic material (DNA) found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Vacuole

An organelle in plant cells responsible for the storage of waste, nutrients, and water.