Human Skeletal Anatomy and Bone Landmarks

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards identifying major human bones and specific anatomical landmarks and features found on bone surfaces based on the provided diagrams.

Femur

The long bone of the thigh, articulating with the hip bone and the tibia.

Humerus

The long bone of the upper arm, articulating with the scapula and the radius and ulna.

Radius

The lateral bone of the forearm (on the thumb side).

Ulna

The medial bone of the forearm (on the pinky side).

Tibia

The larger, medial bone of the lower leg, also known as the shinbone.

Fibula

The slender, lateral bone of the lower leg.

Clavicle

Also known as the collarbone, it connects the sternum to the scapula.

Scapula

The shoulder blade bone located on the posterior side of the rib cage.

Sternum

The breastbone located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall.

Patella

The kneecap, a sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint.

Carpals

The group of eight small bones that make up the wrist.

Metacarpals

The five bones of the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The bones of the fingers and the toes.

Tarsals

The group of seven bones that make up the ankle and proximal foot.

Metatarsals

The five bones of the foot located between the tarsals and phalanges.

Sacrum

A large triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of vertebrae.

Coccyx

The small bone at the base of the spinal column, also known as the tailbone.

Hip bone (coxal bone)

A large bone forming the pelvis, consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Vertebrae

The individual bones that stack to form the spinal column.

Skull

The skeleton of the head, divided into cranial bones and facial bones.

Foramen

A hole or opening through a bone, such as the foramen magnum or obturator foramen, usually for the passage of nerves or blood vessels.

Fossa

A shallow depression or hollow in the surface of a bone.

Process

Any prominent projection or outgrowth on a bone.

Condyle

A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone that often forms an articulation with another bone.

Tuberosity

A large, rounded, typically rough projection on a bone for muscle or ligament attachment.

Spine

A sharp, slender, or pointed projection on a bone.

Meatus

A canal-like passageway or opening within a bone.

Sinuses

Air-filled cavities within specific bones of the skull.

Ramus

An arm or branch-like extension of a bone, such as those found on the hip bone or mandible.

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped processes found only on the femur.

Tubercle

A small, rounded projection or process on a bone.

Epicondyle

A raised area on or above a condyle.

Alveolus

A deep pit or socket, such as those in the jaw for the teeth.

Fissure

A narrow, slit-like opening through a bone.

Facet

A small, flat, smooth articular surface.

Sulcus

A groove or furrow in a bone that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.

Crest

A prominent ridge or border on a bone.

Line

A low, narrow ridge on a bone, less prominent than a crest.

Notch

An indentation at the edge of a bone.

Canal

A tubular passage or tunnel through a bone.

Fovea

A small, pit-like depression, such as the fovea capitis on the head of the femur.

Protuberance

A bony outgrowth or protruding part.