health science

What is nutrition?

The process by which the body takes in and uses food.

Define nutrients.

Substances in food that help the body grow, repair itself, and provide energy.

What are calories?

Units used to measure the energy food provides and the energy the body uses.

Differentiate between hunger and appetite.

Hunger is a physical need for food, while appetite is a psychological desire to eat.

Why is good nutrition important?

It provides energy, supports growth and development, helps body systems function properly, improves concentration and mental alertness, helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces risk of disease, and helps you look and feel your best.

What is insulin resistance?

A condition where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, causing the body to produce more insulin to keep blood sugar normal.

List risk factors for insulin resistance.

Lack of physical activity, poor diet (high sugar and processed foods), obesity, genetics/family history.

Symptoms of insulin resistance include:

Fatigue, increased thirst, increased hunger, darkened skin areas, difficulty concentrating.

How can insulin resistance be prevented?

Exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, maintain a healthy weight, and get enough sleep.

What are food additives?

Substances added to food to create a desired effect.

What is foodborne illness?

Illness caused by eating contaminated food.

What is pasteurization?

Heating foods (usually milk or juice) to kill harmful bacteria.

Explain cross-contamination.

Transfer of bacteria from one food or surface to another.

Differentiate between food allergy and food intolerance.

Food allergy involves the immune system and can be severe; food intolerance involves the digestive system and usually causes discomfort.

What key information do food labels provide?

Product name, amount of food in package, manufacturer information, ingredients list, and nutrition facts panel.

What is BMI and how is it calculated?

BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated using the formula BMI = Weight (kg) ÷ Height² (m²) to estimate body weight categories.

What factors affect weight?

Genetics, age, gender, physical activity, and eating habits.

What are some healthy weight management strategies?

Eat balanced meals, exercise regularly, drink enough water, get enough sleep, and limit sugary foods and drinks.