Acids

(3.1) acids are a source of what ions (symbol and name)

hydrogen ions H⁺

(3.1) alkalis are a source of what ions (symbol and name)

hydroxide ions OH^-

(3.2) What are the pH of acids

less than 7 (0-7)

(3.2) what is the pH of a neutral solution

7

(3.2) what is the pH of an alkaline solution

more than 7 (8-14)

(3.1) _______ are a source of hydrogen ions (H⁺)

Acids

(3.1) _____ are a source of hydroxide ions (OH^-)

alkalis

(3.4) the higher the concentration of H⁺ ions, the ______ the pH of the acidic solution

lower

(3.4) the higher the concentration of OH^- ions, the _____ the pH of the alkaline solution

higher

(3.3) definition of the pH scale

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

(3.3) what is the range of the pH scale

0 to 14

(3.3) what colour is litmus paper in acidic solution

red

(3.3) what colour is litmus paper in alkaline solution

blue

(3.3) what colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solution

colourless

(3.3) what colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solution

pink

(3.3) what colour is methyl orange in acidic solution

red

(3.3) what colour is methyl orange in alkaline solution

yellow

(3.7) what is a concentrated solution

a solution that has more solute particles than water

(3.7) what is a dilute solution

a solution with more water than solute

(3.7) a _____ solution has a greater volume of dissolved solute particles than a ____ solution

concentrated, dilute

(3.7) name one way you can change a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution

• dissolving more solute in it

• evaporating some of the water

(3.7) how do you turn a concentrated solution into a dilute solution

adding more water to it

(3.5) the pH increases by 1 when the H⁺ ion concentration decreases by a factor of ____

10

(3.5) the pH increases by __ when the H⁺ ion concentration decreases by a factor of 10

1

(3.5) the pH increases by 1 when the ___ ion concentration decreases by a factor of 10

H⁺

(3.8) Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are strong acids because….

they fully dissociate into ions in solution, all their molecules release H⁺ ions

(3.8) the concentration of ______ ions determines the pH of the solution

hydrogen ions

(3.8) ethanoic acid is weak acid because it….

partially dissociates into ions in solution, only a few molecules release H⁺ ions

(3.8) A strong acid has a _____ pH than a week acid

lower

(3.10) What is a soluble base

One that will dissolve in water

(3.10) An acid/alkali is a soluble base

Alkali

(3.9) what is A base

Any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only

(3.9) acid + base →

Salt + water

(3.9) base + acid →

Salt + water

(3.9) ______ + _______ → salt + water

Base + acid

(3.11) a salt forms when….

Hydrogen ions in an cider are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions

(3.12) describe the test for oxygen

Place a lit splint into a test tube (with suspected hydrogen) and hear for a squeaky pop

(3.12) describe the test for carbon dioxide

Bubble the gas through lime water; if carbon dioxide is present, the lime water turns milky (or cloudy white)

(3.11) reactive metals react with acids to produce _______ and _______ ______

Salt and hydrogen ONLY

(3.11) metal + acid → ______ + _______

Salt + hydrogen

(3.11) ______ + ______ → salt + hydrogen

Metal + acid

(3.11) metal carbonates react with acids to produce _____,_______ and _______

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

(3.11) metal carbonate + acid → _______ + ______ + _______

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

(3.11) ________ + _______ → salt + water + carbon dioxide

Metal carbonate + acid

(3.13) what is neutralisation

The reaction between an acid and a base

(3.14) Explain acid-alkali neutralisation

Hydrogen ions from the acid react with hydroxide ions from the alkali to form water

(3.14) H+ + OH- = H2O

what is the reaction

Neutralisation

(3.14) Neutralisation Practical

Describe two ways you can ensure that your measurements are precise instead of estimation with universal indicator paper

• Use a pH meter

• Use a volumetric pipette

• Use a balance of 2 decimal places