IB History Apartheid

Petty apartheid

Daily life

Grand Apartheid

National scale

Separate Amenities Act

1953, segregated public facilities

Pass Laws

Passbooks must be carried to control where they could live and work

Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

1949, banned interracial marriage

Immorality Amendment Act

1950, banned interracial sexual relationships

Population Registration Act

1950, classified people by race

Group Areas Act

1950, separated residential areas by race

Bantustan Policy

Homelands for Black ethnic groups

Townships

Overcrowded housing communities for black workers

Sophiatown forced removal

1950s, Blacks forcibly removed from Sophiatown

Bantu Education Act

1953, separate education system for Black students

Hendrik Verwoerd

Father of Apartheid

Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act

1959, reinforced Bantustan system

Alexandra Bus Boycott

1957, fare increased and thousands walked instead of taking public trasnport

Defiance Campaign

1952, non-violent civil disobedience, led by ANC and allies

Freedom Charter

1955, goals of the anti-apartheid movement

Congress of the People

Organization that made the Freedom Charter

Treason Trial

1956, activists from the Congress of the People were arrested

Sharpeville Massacre

Anti-Pass protest escalated into police violence, 69 killed

Sharpeville Response

ANC and PAC were banned

MK - Speak of the Nation

Military Wing of anti-Apartheid struggle

Nelson Mandela

Founder of ANC → MK

Raid at Liliesleaf Farm

1963, raid in Rivonia, ANC SACP leaders were arrested, Mandela Arrested

ANC Youth League

Pushed for Direct Mass Action

Albert Luthuli

ANC leader who led non-violent resistance, peace prize in 1960

African National Congress

Anti-Apartheid Organization

South African Communist Party

Anti-Apartheid organization, communist and multiracial