hazard management and models

what is the bottom up and top down approach and what are the limitations

bottom up approach is when individuals or communities work together to manage events

top down approach is when national or international governments work together, however they dont always consider local needs and perspectives. A combined understanding of both approaches can enhance effective management.

describe the hazard management cycle and factors that will affect the recovery

the hazard management cycle is split into pre event and post event. The pre event contains mitigation and preperadeness and involves educating people and preventing danger before the event comes. it aims to reduce vunerabity and risk people have to hazards. This could involve evacuation routes, earthquake proof buildings such as shock absorbers in tokyo japan or houses on stilts such as in bangladesh to reduce risk to flooding

post event includes response and recover. response is short term and involves intial aid to reduce the number of death and search and rescue for people that are lost. It can also be short term food supplies and wtaer supplies until contamination has gone. Recover is long term such as rebuilding infastructure like schools and hospitals and trying to get the country back to pre event conditions where the event has already taken place and country is restoring back to normality

wealth

magnitude

community resilience

describe the park model and the advantages and disadvantages compared to the hazard management cycle

the park model shows how the quality of life is affected for certain hazards how how country retunr to the noramlity of society of improvements to the development of the place after the event. It shows the pre disaster noramlity =, disaster occurign and the rapid drop in quality of life, the emergency response ans the rehabilitation plus the recovery. Higher income countries will normally have less of a rapid drop in qol due to more developed infastructure and abaility to cope. the normality is different for every country.

advatages include ":

clear visual representation and easy to interpret and it is generic so it can be applied to numerous hazards. It takes into account both soaicl and economic impact and also gives time frames which gives comparison

disadvantages:

can be oversimplified for the complex of recovery and the normality can be different per country as well as the graph being linear so not continuous. It also lacks comprehensive perspectives on preparedness and mitigation which are arguably more important than post in long term

what is mitigation an preparedness

mitigation is reducing the severity of the impact

preparedness is being ready for the impact and reducing deaths and injuries