essay 10 - water electrolyte balance disorders - dehydration and hyper hydration

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Last updated 6:49 PM on 6/13/26
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8 Terms

1
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define dehydration

  • dehydration is an extracellular fluid volume deficit, resulting from inadequate water intake, excessive water loss or both. the body loses more water than it takes in

2
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describe isotonic

  • equal loss of water and electrolytes

  • symptoms = dry skin, increased HB, decreased BP, fatigue

  • due to = diarrhoea, vomiting, bleeding, excessive sweating

  • treatment = oral rehydration salts or isotonic IV fluids

  • complications = hypovolemic shock

3
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describe hypotonic

  • more electrolytes lost than water

  • symptoms = muscle cramps, headache, confusion

  • due to = excessive sweating, lack of salt intake

  • treatment = sports drinks, IV saline intake

  • complications = cellular swelling in brain → brain edema

4
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describe hypertonic

  • more water lost than electrolytes

  • symptoms = thirst, dry mouth, irritability, seizures, muscle twitching

  • due to = high fever, not enough water intake, medications (e.g diuretics), excessive sweating

  • treatment = rehydration with hypotonic solution

  • complications = cell shrinkage

5
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define hyperhydration

  • excess water in body leading to dilution of electrolytes

6
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describe isotonic for hyper hydration

  • excess water and electrolytes

  • symptoms = swelling, bloating, increased BP

  • due to = fluid retention, excessive IV fluids

  • treatment = diuretics

  • complications = stress of heart or kidneys

7
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describe hypotonic for hyper hydration

  • water is more in excess than electrolytes

  • symptoms = nausea, headache, confusion, seizures

  • due to = drinking excessive amounts of water without electrolytes (common in athletes)

  • treatment = Restrict water intake

  • complications = brain swelling → coma or death

8
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describe hypertonic for hyper hydration

  • electrolytes are more in excess than water

  • symptoms = intense thirst, dry mouth, confusion, dizziness

  • due to = ingesting large amounts of salt water (Rare)

  • treatment = rehydration with hypotonic solutions

  • complications = cell dehydration and kidney damage