Grade 10 Biology - The Digestive System

Vocabulary flashcards covering the basic processes, structures, and biological molecules associated with the human digestive system based on the Grade 10 Biology curriculum.

Ingestion

The taking in of nutrients, which occurs in the mouth.

Digestion

The multi-step breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes, involving physical and chemical processes that begin in the oral cavity and extend to the small intestine.

Absorption

The transport of digested nutrients from the small intestine to the cells of the body through finger-like projections called villi.

Physical digestion

The breakdown of food particles into smaller components by physical means, such as chewing.

Chemical digestion

The breakdown of food particles via enzyme-catalysed reactions.

Villi

Finger-like projections in the small intestine designed for the absorption and transport of digested nutrients to the cells of the body.

Macromolecules

Large molecules consumed as food—specifically protein, fat, and complex carbohydrates—that must be converted into simple molecules for cellular function.

Amino acids

One of the biological molecules necessary for animal function at the cellular level, derived from the digestion of proteins.

Lipid molecules

Biological molecules necessary for animal function at the cellular level, derived from the digestion of fats.

Simple sugars

Biological molecules necessary for animal function at the cellular level, derived from the digestion of complex carbohydrates.

Nucleotides

One of the biological molecules necessary for animal function at the cellular level, mentioned alongside amino acids, lipid molecules, and simple sugars.

Digestive system

A system composed of the alimentary canal and accessory organs that converts consumed food into required nutrients through a multi-step process.