Rad Physics, Protection, Production & Biology Complete Reviewer

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Which of the following best defines matter in physics?

It remains unchanged

A radiologic technologist weighs 70 kg on Earth. On the Moon, his weight decreases due to lower gravity. What happens to his mass?

Joule (J)

Which unit is the correct SI measurement for energy in physics?

Mass is constant regardless of gravity, weight varies with gravity

Which statement correctly distinguishes mass from weight?

Atoms and molecules

Matter is composed of atoms arranged in complex ways. Which of the following is the fundamental building block of matter?

All of the above

Which transformation of matter does not alter its mass?

The ability to do work

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of energy?

Weight - joule (J)

Which SI unit is not correctly paired with its physical quantity?

Energy due to position

Which of the following best describes potential energy?

Kinetic energy

A moving car illustrates which type of energy?

Chemical energy

Which type of energy is released during digestion of food?

Electrical energy

Household electricity is an example of which energy form?

Thermal energy

Vibrating molecules at high temperature demonstrate which energy type?

Nuclear energy

Which energy source is fundamental to nuclear power plants?

Electromagnetic energy

X-rays used in diagnostic imaging belong to which category of energy?

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity

Which principle explains the interchangeability of matter and energy?

Electromagnetic energy (X-rays)

In radiology, electrical energy is converted into which form for imaging?

Chemical energy – dynamite explosion

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Energy emitted and transferred through space

Which of the following best defines radiation?

Remove an electron from an atom

Ionizing radiation is distinguished from non-ionizing radiation because it can:

Radio waves

Which of the following is not an example of ionizing radiation?

Positive atom and negative electron

Ionization results in the formation of which pair?

Gamma rays

Which of the following is classified as electromagnetic ionizing radiation?

Alpha and beta particles

Particle-type ionizing radiation includes:

They are sometimes mistakenly called “rays”

Which statement about alpha and beta particles is correct?

3 mSv

The average annual dose from natural environmental radiation is approximately:

The Sun and stars

Cosmic rays originate primarily from:

Higher altitude and latitude

The intensity of cosmic radiation increases with:

Deposits of uranium, thorium, and radionuclides in the Earth

Terrestrial radiation is mainly due to:

Potassium-40 (40K)

Which naturally occurring radionuclide is present in all humans?

Radon gas

The largest single source of natural environmental radiation is:

Lungs

Radon gas primarily affects which organ system?

Alpha particles

Radon emits which type of particle during decay?

Gulf Coast

Natural environmental radiation levels (~0.2 mGy/yr) are lowest in regions such as:

3.2 mSv

The average annual dose from man-made radiation is approximately:

Diagnostic x-rays

The largest single source of man-made radiation exposure is:

3.2 mSv

According to NCRP (2006), diagnostic x-rays contribute approximately how much annual dose?

Increased use of CT scans and fluoroscopy

The increase in man-made radiation exposure from 0.5 mSv (1990) to 3.2 mSv (2006) is largely due to:

Consumer products (watch dials, smoke detectors, exit signs)

Which of the following contributes about 0.1 mSv annually to man-made radiation exposure?

CT scanners

Which of the following is not a consumer product contributing to radiation exposure?

Radiologic technologists

Responsibility for minimizing unnecessary medical radiation exposure falls mainly on:

Consumer products

Which of the following sources contributes the least to man-made radiation exposure?

A Crookes tube

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen while experimenting with:

Cathode rays

The Crookes tube, invented by Sir William Crookes, was originally used to study:

Barium platinocyanide

Roentgen discovered x-rays accidentally when a plate coated with which substance began to glow?

Fluorescence

The glow observed by Roentgen during his experiment was termed:

Unknown

The “X” in x-rays originally stood for:

Wood, aluminum, and his hand

Which of the following materials did Roentgen test between the Crookes tube and the glowing plate?

Fluorescent lamp and x-ray tube

The Crookes tube is considered a precursor to which modern device?

November 8, 1895

The date of Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays was:

December 1895

Roentgen reported his findings on x-rays to the scientific community in: