BAP Final Exam Study Guide (Poultry, Equine, and Swine)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the poultry, equine, and swine industries as outlined in the BAP final exam study guide.

Dual-purpose birds

Birds used for both meat and egg production, common in the $1800s$ to early $1900s$.

Cecilia Steele

The individual credited with starting the broiler industry.

Broilers

Meat birds that are fast-growing and typically have white meat.

Layers

Birds bred specifically for egg production.

Missouri Poultry Rankings

$11^{th}$ in broilers, $5^{th}$ in turkeys, and $9^{th}$ in layers.

Chicken incubation period

A period of $21$ days.

In ovo vaccines

Vaccines administered inside the egg.

Brooding

A high heat period for young poultry.

Poultry light schedule

$16$ hours of light and $8$ hours of darkness.

Poultry processing order

stunning ightarrow slaughter ightarrow scalding ightarrow plucking ightarrow evisceration ightarrow chilling ightarrow packaging.

Hormones in chickens

Illegal for use in the poultry industry.

Layer maturity

The age when layers begin laying eggs, which is $18$ weeks.

Peak lay

The time when egg production is at its highest, occurring at $32$ weeks.

Clutch

A continuous laying period for a hen.

Molting

A process that resets the reproductive cycle of a hen.

Haugh Unit

A measurement used to determine egg quality.

Egg storage temperature

Eggs must be cooled to $48^{\circ}F$.

Tom

A male turkey.

Hen (Turkey)

A female turkey.

Poult

A baby turkey.

Turkey incubation period

A period of $28$ days.

Poultry Female Genetics

$ZW$ chromosomes.

Poultry Male Genetics

$ZZ$ chromosomes.

Quantitative traits

Measurable traits in poultry genetics.

Qualitative traits

Appearance traits in poultry genetics.

Hybrid vigor

A phenomenon where offspring outperform their parents.

Anabolism

The metabolic process of building up.

Catabolism

The metabolic process of breaking down.

Horse Evolution Lineage

Eohippus ightarrow Mesohippus ightarrow Merychippus ightarrow Pliohippus ightarrow Equus.

Warmblood

A horse breed type resulting from crossing hot blood and cold blood types.

Mare

An adult female horse.

Stallion

An intact male horse.

Gelding

A castrated male horse.

Missouri Fox Trotter

The official state horse of Missouri.

Base horse colors

Chestnut, brown, bay, black, and white.

Dun factor

A coat pattern characterized by a dorsal stripe and zebra barring.

Roan

White hairs mixed throughout the horse's coat.

Dental floating

The process of removing sharp points from a horse's teeth.

Farrier

A professional who trims and shoes horse hooves.

Mare estrous cycle

A cycle of $21$ days.

Mare gestation

A period of $340$ days.

Foal 1-2-3 rule

The guideline for a foal to stand, nurse, and pass meconium.

Equine Foregut

Consists of the stomach and small intestine.

Equine Hindgut

Consists of the cecum and colon.

Horse water intake

$10-12$ gallons per day.

Ideal Horse BCS

A body condition score of $5-6$.

Colic

Abdominal pain which is the #1 cause of death in horses.

Laminitis

Inflammation of the laminae in the horse's hoof.

Gilt

A female pig that has never farrowed.

Sow

A female pig that has farrowed.

Boar

An intact male pig.

Barrow

A castrated male pig.

Sow gestation length

A period of $114$ days (often remembered as $3$ months, $3$ weeks, $3$ days).

Pig weaning age

Occurs at approximately $21$ days.

Pig market weight

Approximately $280\,lbs$.

Standing heat

The term for estrus in swine, characterized by a swollen vulva, mucus, and mounting.

Swine AI semen storage

Stored at $15-18^{\circ}C$.

Maximum litters per sow per year

Approximately $2.66$ litters.

Normal farrowing duration

$1.5-4.5$ hours.

Pig interval

The time between the birth of each piglet, approximately $16$ minutes.

Creep area temperature

$90-95^{\circ}F$.

AIAO

All-in all-out, a management system used in swine production.

Feed efficiency

Calculated as feed intake divided by weight gain.