MCAT Medical Cases

Insulin works antagonistically with glucagon, which increases gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown, increasing blood sugar

__works antagonistically with __ , which increases gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown, increasing blood sugar

During the fasting state, the liver breaks down glycogen to produce glucose. This process is known as glycogenolysis.

During the fasting state, the liver breaks down __ to produce __. This process is known as glycogenolysis.

Glycogen phosphorylase is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogenolysis.

__ is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogenolysis.

Glucagon is the hormone that drives the metabolic reactions during the fasting state and is responsible for maintaining blood sugar level overnight.

__ is the hormone that drives the metabolic reactions during the fasting state and is responsible for maintaining blood sugar level overnight.

Overnight the body is in the fasting/post-absorptive state which is when the body breaks down glycogen in a process called glycogenolysis and metabolizes other energy storage forms (ie. triglycerides, fat, and protein) into glucose.

Overnight the body is in the fasting/post-absorptive state which is when the body breaks down __ in a process called __ and metabolizes other energy storage forms (ie. __, __, and __) into __.

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating both lipolysis (the breakdown of fats) and lipogenesis (the synthesis of new fats).

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating both __ (the breakdown of fats) and __ (the synthesis of new fats).

When insulin levels are high - such as after a meal in normal patients - it binds to insulin receptors on adipose tissue cells, leading to the activation of enzymes that inhibit lipolysis.

When insulin levels are high - such as after a meal in normal patients - it binds to insulin receptors on __, leading to the activation of enzymes that inhibit __.

Insulin also promotes uptake of glucose by adipose cells and stimulates the conversion of glucose into fatty acids in a process caleld lipogenesis.

Insulin also promotes uptake of __ by __ cells and stimulates the conversion of __ into __ in a process called __

In the absence of insulin, even after a meal, lipolysis would continue to occur, despite the rise in blood sugar levels.

In the absence of __, even after a meal, __ would continue to occur, despite the rise in blood sugar levels.