Medical Practice Flashcards

Flashcards based on the Medicine Lecture Transcript covering topics such as Hypertension, DKA, Stroke, Ethics, and Cardiology.

According to the JCN8 guideline, what is the targeted BP control in a 60-year-old male newly diagnosed with HTN?

Less than $150$

What is the most important factor to prevent renal failure in a 41-year-old female with a BMI of $31$, BP of $140/90$, and HgA1c of $8$?

Glycemic control

In an epidemiological study where the incidence rate is higher in females but prevalence is equal in both genders, what is the correct interpretation?

Case fatality is higher among females

Which teaching model is used when a team explains symptoms like fruity breath smell and tummy pain to a child's mother?

Plain language

What is the diagnosis for a 24-year-old male with multiple episodes of bloody bowel movements and a positive family history in his mother and brother?

Hereditary polyps syndrome

What antibiotic should be started for a young adult with AML M5 who develops a fever ($38.9^{\circ}C$) one day before starting chemotherapy?

Extended spectrum penicillin

A sickle cell disease patient develops a fever one day after a bone marrow transplant and does not improve after $72\,hours$ on ceftazidime. What should be added?

Vancomycin

In a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and confusion, which dietary component should be decreased?

Protein

What is the most likely cause of a fruity (nail polish-like) breath odor and lethargy in an 11-year-old child with an RBS of $8.9\,mmol/L$?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A woman with SLE taking prednisone $60\,mg$ daily for six weeks dies suddenly after failing to taper the dose. What is the most likely cause?

Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

What is the most appropriate management for a Mycoplasma pneumonia patient who develops jaundice and markers of hemolysis three days after starting antibiotics?

Stop antibiotics

For a 50-year-old smoker with an LDL of $8.7\,mmol/L$ and a BMI of $21$, what is the recommended intervention for cardiovascular risk?

Start high intensity statin

In radiology safety, who is required to wear a shield when the radiation source is in use?

Anyone less than $1\,meter$ from the radiation source

What is the clinical diagnosis for a patient deteriorating with URTI history, $O_2\,sat$ of $82\%$, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Hamman-Rich Syndrome

Which intervention is most associated with increased survival in a 70-year-old man with COPD and cor pulmonale?

Long-term oxygen therapy

A 35-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis on hydroxychloroquine shows deteriorating renal function. What is the most likely cause?

Acute interstitial nephritis

What is the most appropriate intravenous treatment for a 22-year-old man with meningitis symptoms and CSF showing $90\%$ lymphocytes?

Acyclovir

What medication is the next recommended therapy for a patient with CKD, HTN, and DM with an ASCVD risk of $18\%$?

Dapagliflozin

What type of jerky movements involve only the upper limb in a female patient?

Myoclonic

What electrolyte imbalance is likely causing muscle aches and palpitations in a patient recently treated for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)?

Hypocalcemia

What is the most appropriate initial management for sudden, painless loss of vision in the right eye with CSF showing oligoclonal bands?

IV methylprednisolone $1000\,mg$

In a case-control study with $80$ cases delivered by CS, $120$ by vaginal delivery, $160$ controls by CS, and $40$ controls by vaginal delivery, what is the Odds Ratio (OR)?

$$6$$

What is the phenotype of heart failure for a patient with progressive shortness of breath and an ejection fraction of $32\%$?

HFrEF

If a cardiac examination reveals a loud first heart sound and a diastolic murmur, what is the likely diagnosis?

Mitral Stenosis

How should the medication be adjusted for an Alzheimer's patient whose mental status score dropped from $19$ to $12$ after $6\,months$ of donepezil?

Switch donepezil to memantine

Where is the lesion located in a hemorrhagic stroke patient with pin-point pupils, hemiplegia, and an inability to speak or move the body?

Pons

What is the most appropriate target INR range for a patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation on warfarin?

$$2.0-3.0$$

What biochemical marker is an indicator of risk in an obese woman with an LDL of $4.3\,mmol/L$?

LDL

What is the management for a patient who develops a subdural hematoma while taking warfarin with an INR of $3.9$ and having already received Vitamin K?

$4-factor\,prothrombin\,complex\,concentrate\,(PCC)$\r\n

In the context of the Stages of Change, what stage is a man in $6\,months$ after bariatric surgery who is successfully losing weight and adhering to diet?

Maintenance

What is the target blood pressure range for a hemodynamically stable patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage within the first $24-48\,hours$?

$$140-160\,mmHg$$

What is the interpretation of a correlation coefficient of $r = +0.8$ between birth weight and cognitive function?

Increasing birth weight increases cognitive development

What form of disease prevention is physiotherapy for a patient experiencing hemiplegia after a stroke?

Tertiary

What is the recommendation for an intern who posted a non-identifying picture of a patient's leg on social media after the family got mad?

Intern apologies and deletes the picture

At what pH level in an acute COPD exacerbation is intubation and mechanical ventilation indicated?

$$pH < 7.25$$

For a vegetarian pregnant woman with dark skin, what is the appropriate daily dose of Vitamin D3 to recommend before conception?

$$1000\,IU$$

A pregnant woman at $28\,weeks$ gestation shows absent end diastolic flow on ultrasound. What is the next management step?

Observation and give steroid

What is the management of choice for severe aortic stenosis in an asymptomatic patient with normal ejection fraction?

Follow up with Echo

Which investigation helps reach a diagnosis in a patient with COPD and HF presenting with shortness of breath?

Pro-BNP

What is the recommended daily dose of folic acid for a woman on lamotrigine (epilepsy) without a personal history of NTD but with a cousin having a baby with spina bifida?

Folic acid $400\,mcg$ with multivitamins