NURS 582 Study Guide - Infections of Lower Female Reproductive Tract

This set of flashcards covers critical information on various infections of the lower female reproductive tract, diagnosis methods, treatment options, as well as contraception and sterilization methods.

What organism causes syphilis?

Treponema pallidum.

What type of lesions are characteristic of primary syphilis?

Painless red round firm ulcers known as chancres.

How soon after inoculation do primary syphilis lesions develop?

About 3 weeks.

What are the flu-like symptoms associated with secondary syphilis?

Fever and myalgia.

How long after primary syphilis do secondary symptoms appear?

Around 1-3 months.

What is the diagnosis method for syphilis?

Screening with VDRL or rapid plasma regain (RPR).

What treatment is recommended for primary syphilis?

PCN G 2.4 million units IM once.

What reaction can occur within the first 24 hours of syphilis treatment?

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

What Herpes Simplex Virus type is primarily associated with genital herpes?

HSV 2.

How long can genital herpes vesicles remain before evolving into ulcers?

24 to 36 hours.

What is the gold standard for diagnosing genital herpes?

Viral cultures.

What is the treatment recommendation for a primary herpes infection?

Acyclovir 200 mg 5 times per day.

What is HPV commonly associated with?

Cervical cancer.

How are genital warts characterized?

Raised or spiked surface that can turn into cauliflower-like growths.

What is the preventative vaccine for HPV called?

Gardasil-9.

What is the diagnosis method for bacterial vaginosis?

Requires ¾ on Amsel Criteria.

What vaginal pH level is indicative of bacterial vaginosis?

pH >4.5.

What is the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis?

Gram stain.

What is the primary cause of vaginal candidiasis?

Candida albicans.

What are the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis?

Intense itching and thick white discharge.

What is the treatment for recurrent candidiasis during pregnancy?

Topical treatments only.

What organism causes trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis.

What discharge characteristic is indicative of trichomoniasis?

Frothy, yellow-green discharge.

What type of discharge is associated with bacterial vaginosis?

Profuse, thin, grey-white discharge with a fishy smell.

What is the typical physical finding for gonorrhea in females?

Thick purulent discharge.

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM once plus 1 gm of Azithromycin.

What is a characteristic symptom of chlamydia in females?

Mild mucopurulent discharge.

What is the preferred method for diagnosing chlamydia?

NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test).

What class of disease is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

The most serious complication of STDs.

What organisms commonly cause PID?

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea.

What is a major risk factor for developing PID?

High-risk sexual behaviors.

What symptom is most prominent in PID patients?

Lower abdominal or pelvic pain.

What is the preferred outpatient treatment for PID?

Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM once and doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 14 days.

What can tubo-ovarian abscess develop from?

Persistent PID.

What are the signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

High fever, hypotension, diffuse sunburn-like rash.

What is the treatment for Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Immediate hospitalization and IV antibiotics.

What contraception method emphasizes fertility awareness?

Periodic abstinence (Rhythm method).

What is the failure rate of coitus interruptus?

27%.

What hormonal contraceptive method is known to increase estrogen levels and support menstruation?

Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs).

What is the mechanism of action for emergency contraceptives?

High doses of estrogen and progesterone.

How long can ParaGard IUD be effective?

10 years.

What hormonal contraceptive method is used to treat men'sorrhagia?

Mirena IUD.

What is a common side effect of Depo-Provera?

Weight gain.

What defines infertility in couples?

Failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.

What test assesses ovarian reserve?

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test.

What is the main cause of indication for tubal sterilization?

Permanency and reduction of ovarian cancer risk.

What symptoms indicate cervical cancer?

Postcoital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding.

How often are Pap smears recommended for women aged 21-29?

Every 3 years.

What does Gardasil 9 vaccine protect against?

HPV strains 16, 18, 6, and 11.