Anatomy & Physiology Midterm

Review

Testicular Function

One of the main functions of the testicles is sperm production.

Urinary System Functions

The urinary systems functions to remove waste, regulate electrolytes and control blood pressure.

Respiratory System Function

The respiratory systems functions to exchange gas, produce vocal sounds and regulate blood pH.

Digestive System Structures

The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and accessory organs such as the gallbladder and pancreas.

Male Testosterone Levels

Male testosterone levels peak in the early/mid twenties and decline after that.

Urethra

The urethra is a structure in the urinary system that transports urine from inside to outside the body.

External Respiration

External respiration is the process of air entering the lungs.

Villi

Villi increase the surface area in the small intestine.

Peristalsis

Peristalsis is the pushing movement of food through the digestive tract.

Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract includes the larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs.

Renal Arteries

The renal arteries attach directly to the aorta.

Meiosis

The end result of meiosis is a haploid cell which has 23 chromosomes.

Estrogen

Estrogen is responsible for secondary sex characteristics in women.

Nephron

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.

Vocal Resonance

Vocal resonance is a function of the paranasal sinuses

Frenulum

The frenulum attaches the floor of the mouth to the tongue.

Salivary Glands

The salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.

Respiratory Cartilage

The larynx and trachea are both parts of the respiratory system that contain cartilage.

Bowman’s Capsule

Bowman’s Capsule encloses the glomerulus.

Menstruation

Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining and occurs if no fertilized egg reaches the uterus.

Vulva

The vulva refers to external female genitalia

Reabsorption

Reabsorption occurs in the kidney and refers to the movement of water, glucose and other substances back into the blood.

Order of Exhalation

During exhalation, air flows from the alveoli through the bronchioles, bronchi and then the trachea.

Dysphagia

Dysphagia is defined as difficulty swallowing.

Pepcin

Pepcin is the digestive enzyme released in the stomach.

Lung Anatomy

The right lung has three lobes.

Detrusor Muscle Function

The function of the detrusor is to control urination.

Reproductive Genetics

XX is a female genotype, XY is a male genotype, a condition resulting from an extra chromosome is called trisomy.

Amniocentisis

Amniocentesis is a fetal test that evaluates fetal cells.

Prostate

The prostate is a male reproductive organ that assists in semen production.

Resting Tidal Volume

Resting tidal volume is the amount of air that enters the lungs in a normal breath.

Duodenum

The duodenum is part of the small intestine that receives food as well as pancreatic juice and bile.

Rectum

The rectum stores waste before it is expelled.

Asphyxia

Asphyxia can lead to hypoxia if prolonged.

Symptoms of Cystitis (UTI)

Symptoms of cystitis include frequent urge to urinate, burning with urination, abdominal/back pain and blood in the urine.

Labor Stages

The stages of labor include dilation of the cervix, delivery of the fetus and delivery of the placenta.

Breech Presentation

Breech presentation is when the fetus is positioned incorrectly (upside down) in the uterus.

Main Cause of Bladder Cancer

Smoking is the primary cause of bladder cancer.

Primary Function of the Large Intestine

The primary function of the large intestine is resorption of water.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is a lung disease that can be either acute or chronic.