anatomy chapter 7.2

axial skeleton

* protects brain, spinal cord, vital organs within thorax
* skull
* hyoid bone
* vertebral column
* thoracic (rib) cage

skull

* 22 bones, 6 auditory ossicles
* functions
* protects brain
* supports organs of special senses
* provides foundation for structures that take air, food, and water into the body

hyoid bone

* **One of the few bones of the body that does not articulate with another bone**
* **Attached to the skull by muscles and ligaments**

vertebral column functions

* supports weight of the head and trunk
* protects the spinal cord
* allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
* provides site for muscle attachment
* pemits movement of head and trunk

how many bones are in adult/embryo vertebral column

adult: 26

embryo: 33-34

* 5 fuse to form sacrum, 4-5 coccygeal fuse to form coccyx

rib cage functions

* protects vital organs
* forms semi-rigid chamber for respiration

rib cage parts (12)

* articulate with thoracic vertebrae
* true: superior SEVEN
* attach directly to sternum via. COSTAL cartilages
* false:
* inferior 5
* floating: inferior 2 (of the 5)

sternum parts

* MANUBRIUM: articulates with first rib and clavicle
* BODY: third through 7th ribs articulate
* XIPHOID PROCESS: inferior tip

appendicular

* girdles
* upper limbs
* lower limbs

girdles

* pectoral or shoulder
* pelvic

pelvic girdle

* coxal bones and sacrum form ring
* PELVIS: pelvic girdle and coccyx
* COXAL BONES: right and left
* ilium, ischium, pubis
* SACRUM