C1 cards

Characteristics of Life

Living things need energy, produce waste, respond/adapt, reproduce, and grow.

Viruses

Not considered alive because they cannot reproduce or metabolize without a host.

Prion

An infectious protein that causes disease by misfolding other proteins.

Abiogenesis

The idea that life can arise from non-living matter.

Francesco Redi

Disproved abiogenesis using meat and jars.

Louis Pasteur

Conducted the swan-neck flask experiment, showing microorganisms come from other life.

Biogenesis

The principle that life arises from existing life.

Rudolf Virchow

Formally proposed biogenesis in 1858.

Robert Hooke

Named cells after observing cork under a microscope.

Van Leeuwenhoek

Observed moving single-celled organisms, termed 'animalcules'.

Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Schleiden and Schwann

Developed cell theory through studying plant and animal cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple cells without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells containing a nucleus and organelles.

Eukaryotic Plant and Animal Cells

The type of cells studied in Science 10.

Zacharias Janssen

Created the first compound microscope.

Total Magnification

Calculated by multiplying the ocular lens by the objective lens.

Field of View

The visible area seen through a microscope.

Light Microscope Limitation

Limited resolution due to the wavelengths of light.

TEM

Transmits electrons through thin samples to produce 2D images, magnifying from 10,000x to 100,000x.

SEM

Scans surfaces to create 3D images, with magnifications ranging from 10,000x to 300,000x.

Gene Sequencing

The process of identifying the order of DNA bases (A, T, C, G) in genes.

HeLa Cell

An immortal cancer cell line derived from Henrietta Lacks.

Importance of HeLa Cells

Widely used in cancer and genetics research.

Stem Cell

A cell that has not specialized and can differentiate into various cell types.

Epigenome

Chemical modifications that regulate gene expression without altering DNA.