Reversible Reactions and Equilibria

These flashcards cover the key concepts and definitions related to reversible reactions and equilibria as outlined in the lecture notes.

What symbol indicates a reversible reaction in chemical equations?

The symbol ⇌.

What is a reversible reaction?

A reaction where the products can react to produce the original reactants.

What is the effect of changing conditions on a reversible reaction?

Changing conditions can change the direction of the reaction.

Provide an example of a reversible reaction.

The Haber Process: nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia.

What happens during the dehydration of hydrated copper(II) sulfate when water is added?

Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate forms hydrated copper(II) sulfate, turning from white to blue.

What occurs when hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated?

It loses water and becomes anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.

What is the decomposition reaction of ammonium chloride when heated?

Ammonium chloride ⇌ ammonia + hydrogen chloride.

What are the characteristics of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium?

Forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate; concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

How does a catalyst affect the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction?

A catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium but speeds up both forward and reverse reactions equally.

What is the effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium?

It shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic reaction.

What happens to equilibrium when there is an increase in pressure?

It shifts towards the side of the equation with fewer moles of gas.

In the reaction N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3, what occurs if pressure is increased?

Equilibrium shifts to the right, producing more ammonia.

What occurs if the temperature is decreased in a reaction?

Equilibrium moves in the direction of the exothermic reaction.

What is the effect of an increase in temperature on the yield of an endothermic reaction?

It increases the yield of the reaction.

What is the impact of a decrease in pressure on the yield of a reaction that produces a larger volume of gas?

It increases the yield of the reaction.