BSC2020 Exam 4 Study Guide

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in the endocrine, digestive, and urinary systems as outlined in the BSC2020 Exam 4 Study Guide.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Non-Endocrine Glands

Organs that do not secrete hormones directly, such as salivary glands.

Lock and Key Mechanism

The principle that hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells like a key fits into a lock.

Pituitary Gland

Often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates other endocrine glands.

Oxytocin

A hormone from the posterior pituitary that stimulates childbirth contractions.

Growth Hormone

Secreted by the anterior pituitary, it regulates growth through multiple tissues.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake in cells.

Glucagon

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that promotes the release of glucose into the blood.

Epinephrine

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

Thyroid Hormone

A hormone that regulates metabolism and requires iodine for production.

Dwarfism

A clinical condition caused by insufficient growth hormone.

Diabetes Mellitus

A condition characterized by chronic high glucose levels leading to various health complications.

Mucosa

The inner lining of the GI tract, important for secretion and absorption.

Muscularis

The layer of the GI tract responsible for motility and peristalsis.

Bile

A substance produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats for digestion.

Kidney Functions

Include blood pressure regulation, volume regulation, vitamin D regulation, and salt balance.

Ammonia to Urea

The process of converting toxic ammonia into less toxic urea in the body.

Aldosterone

A hormone that regulates salt balance and blood pressure.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Kidney Stones

Crystallized minerals that form in the renal pelvis and can block urine flow.

Chronic Renal Failure

Long-term, usually irreversible kidney damage associated with the loss of kidney function.