VCU Intro to Corrections Final

What is CRIPA

Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act

Conditions of Confinement

Physical, environmental, safety circumstances.

• 8th Amendment (Cruel & Unusual punishment)

Medical model

Sees criminal behavior as a sickness in need of being treated instead of punished

Ethnicity

Language, religion, traditions, group identity

Disparity

Reducing significant racial, ethnic, and socio economic imbalances

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of individuals based on race, age, gender, or disability

Parens Patriae

Legal doctrine allowing the state / courts to act as guardian for individuals who are unable to care for themselves (children, minors, incapacitated adults)

In loco parentis

In place of a parent

Statu offenders

Minors who commit acts illegally only due to their age

• Truancy, running away, curfew violations

Waiver

Formal document / act where a person under probation / parole relinquishes a right without a court hearing

Judicial Waiver

Juvenile court judge transfers a minor’s case to adult criminal court, removing them from the juvenile justice system

Prosecutorial discretion

authority of prosecutors to decide whether to bring charges, what charges to file, and how to negotiate plea deals

Statutory Exclusion

Legal provision where state laws mandate that certain juveniles based on age / seriousness of offense are tried as adults

Deferred adjudication / informal probation

A type of probation where the judge defers a finding of guilt, allowing for a case dismissal upon successful completion

Predisposition report

PRD, comprehensive, court-ordered eval of a juvenile’s social history, school life, mental health, to determine what’s the best rehabilitation / placement after a delinquent act is found

Juvenile detention centers

Secure, temporary residential facilities for youth under 18 awaiting court hearing or placement, focusing on rehab, education, and safety

House of Refuge

19th century institutions designed to reform youth

Hands-Off doctrine

US legal policy where courts refused to intervene in prison management or protect inmates’ rights.

• Courts lack authority over correctional administration, allows harsh conditions to persist without judicial review

Rule of Law

No one is above the law

Section 1983 suits

A federal civil rights action allowing individuals to sue state / local gov officials for violating their constitution or federal rights while acting under the color of law

Evidence-based practices

Use of empirical research and data to guide policies that reduce recidivism and improve public safety

• Assessing risk / needs, targeting high risk offenders, using CBT

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT ; structured goal oriented talk therapy that treats mental health

Anger management programs

evidence based techniques like CBT to restructure negative thoughts

Civil commitment facility

A civil commitment facility is a secure, non-punitive institution where individuals are involuntarily confined for treatment after completing prison sentences

Therapeutic community

Highly structured residential, and long term treatment model for addictions and mental health issues, relying on peer influence and shared responsibility

In Re Gault

Held the due process clause of the 14th amendment applies to juvenile defendants as well as adult defendants

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Held that juveniles in juvenile criminal proceedings were not entitled to a jury trial under the 6th/14th amendments

How many people are incarcerated in Alabama

20,000. Leads to a higher % in overdoses, murder, and suicides

Why do people go to prison?

As punishment not for punishment

What does CRIPA stand for

Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, which authorizes the U.S. Attorney General to investigate systemic, pattern-or-practice violations of constitutional or federal rights within state/local gov

How many juvenile correctional facilities were there in Virginia in 1989?

7

Which SC case establishes five basic constitution due process rights for juveniles

In Re Gault

What is Michelle Alexanders job

Civil rights lawyer, advocate

Michelle Alexanders said the U.S. made a choice to build “high-tech” prisons rather than what?

Quality schools, job creation, drug treatment, mental health care

What did Michelle Alexanders say turned back the clock on racial progress in the US?

Mass incarceration fueled by the war on drugs

What president had more to do with mass incarceration

Bill Clinton

What caused the disproportionate rep of minority groups in jail/prison

systemic racial discrimination, drug policies, unequal law enforcement practices

What type of facility would a 16 y.o who committed violent crimes go to if he were adjudicated a “delinquent”

Secure juvenile correctional facility

What does the immaturity of adolescent behavior derive from?

Developmental mismatch where brain’s emotional reward seeking systems mature faster than the prefrontal cortex

• Responsible for impulse control, risk assessment, and decision making

What is one constitutional right a juvenile doesn’t have when they come to court?

The right to a trial by jury

According to the complaint field in the U.S. district court for the northern district of alabama, which amendments to the US constitution did the Alabama department of corrections violate

8th amendment

These juvenile offenses no longer constitute the majority of juvenile offenses

Murder, sexual assault, robbery

The most controversial subject in corrections

Death penalty

Adult offenders are referred to as criminals, a minor who commits crime is called?

Juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender

What is analogous in juvenile court to the Presentence Investigation Report (PSI) In adult court?

Predisposition report

When and where was the first juvenile court established in the USA?

Cook County, Illinois (Chicago) 1899

What did McKeiver v. Pennsylvania decide

Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial in juvenile delinquency proceedings

What is the major issue in prisoner litigation?

So hard to file law suits due to the technical and strict requirements

How criminal behavior was viewed in the medical model?

As a symptom of an underlying sickness

What type of treatment program can be offered to offenders with anger issues?

Anger management courses

What is the most popular and deadly way of drugging ourselves?

Alcohol

Where do sex offenders who are still dangerous predators go after their sentence is served

Civil commitment facilities (ghost prisons)

Why do capital punishment cases cost more than life without parole

They’re a more extensive legal process

• Longer trials, pre-trial procedures, lengthy appeals