Muscular System Functions and Movements

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the functions and movements of the muscular system.

What is the approximate number of skeletal muscles in the human body?

Approximately 700 skeletal muscles.

What are the four functions of the muscular system?

1. Produce movement of body parts and whole body, 2. Maintain body posture, 3. Stabilize joints, 4. Generate heat to maintain body temperature.

What does extension mean in muscle movements?

Extension increases the angle between bones.

What is flexion in terms of muscle actions?

Flexion decreases the angle between bones.

Define hyperextension.

Hyperextension is extension greater than 180 degrees.

What is abduction?

Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body.

How is adduction defined?

Adduction is the movement toward the midline of the body.

What does rotation refer to in muscle movements?

Rotation is the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis.

Describe circumduction.

Circumduction is when the proximal end remains stationary while the distal end moves in a circle.

What is pronation?

Pronation is moving the palm of the hand from anterior to posterior position.

Define supination.

Supination is moving the palm of the hand from posterior to anterior position.

What is inversion?

Inversion is the turning of the sole of the foot medially.

What does eversion mean?

Eversion is the turning of the sole of the foot laterally.

How is dorsiflexion defined?

Dorsiflexion is moving the instep of the foot toward the shin.

What is plantar flexion?

Plantar flexion is pointing the toes downward.

What is opposition in hand movements?

Opposition is where the thumb touches the fingertips.

Describe protraction.

Protraction is moving the jaw forward.

What does retraction refer to?

Retraction is moving the jaw back.

Define depression in terms of jaw movements.

Depression is opening the mouth.

What is elevation?

Elevation is closing the mouth.