Chapter 14- Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, Amides

carboxylic acid contains a

carboxyl group

this consists of a hydroxyl group OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group

naming carboxylic acids

-e in the alkane is replaced with -oic acid

substituents are numbered from the carboxyl bonded to

carbon 1

a red ant sting contains formic acid

which irritates the skin (1 carbon)

the sour taste of vinegar is due to

ethanoic acid (acetic acid) 2 carbons

carboxylate salts are often used as

perservatives and falvor enhancers in soups and seasonings

sodium propionate is a

preservative added to cheeses, breads, and other bakery items to inhibit the spoilage of food by microorganisms

carboxylic acids are strongly polar because they have

two polar groups

hydroxyl group

OH

carbonyl group

C—- O

carboxylic acids form _____ bonds with water molecules

_______ carbon atoms are very soluble in water

hydrogen

1-5

carboxylic acids are ______ acids

weak

carboxylic acids ____ in water to produce carboxylate ions and hydronium ions

ionize

carboxylic acids can lose a ______ because two oxygen atoms in the carboxylate ion stabilize the negative charge

proton

carboxylic acids tend to lose the H in OH and give ____ to H2O

that H to make H3O+

carboxylate ion

carboxylic acid salts are a product of neutralization of a carboxylic acid with a

strong base like NaOH or KOH

also they are used as preservatives and flavor enhancers

carboxylate ion is named by replacing -ic acid with

ate

carboxylic acid salts are

compounds?

____ at room temp?

melting points?

soluble in water?

ionic compounds with strong attractive forces between ions

solids

high

soluble

sodium propionate is used to preserve

cheeses and breads

sodium benzonate is used to

inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria to fruit juices, margarine, relishes, salads, and jams

monosodium glutamate, MSG is added to

meats, fish, vegetables and baked goods to enhance flavor

during glycolysis a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate

the carboxylate salt of pyruvic acids

during strenuous exercise, when oxygen levels are low (anaerobic), pyruvic acid is reduced to give

lactic acid or the lactate ion

in the critic acid cycle (krebs cycle) ____ and ______ acids are oxidized and decarboxylated to produce ______ for the cells of the body

di and tricarboxylic acids

energy

at the start citric acid is oxidized to a five carbon acid

salicin from the willow tree bark and leaves helped with

pain relief

the body converts salicin to ______ and that irritates the _______

salicylic acid

stomach lining

ester of salicylic acid ____________ is less irritating but still effective in pain relief

acetysalicyclic acid

esters are

synthesized from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol

esters are found in

fats and oils

esters are responsible for the aroma and flavor of

bananas, oranges, and strawberries