socialization and working in groups

work groups

two or more individuals engaged in social interaction to achieve some goal

team

interdependent workers with complementary skills working toward a shared goal

roles

patterns of behavior that are adopted based on expectations about the functions of a position

role expectations

beliefs concerning the responsibilities and requirements of a particular position

role differentiation

process by which a group member learn to perform various roles

norms

rules that groups adopt governing appropriate and inappropriate behavior for members

organizational socialization

process by which new employees learn group roles and norms and develop specific work skills and abilities

fledman's model of stages or organizational socialization

anticipatory socialization, accommodation, role management

person-environment (P-E) fit

match between a worker's skills, needs, and values and an organization's demands, rewards, and values

role ambiguity

sense of uncertainty over the requirements of a particular job

job ambiguity

a source of stress resulting from a lack of clearly defined jobs and work tasks

role conflict

conflict that results when the expectations associated with one role interfere with the expectations concerning another role

work family conflict

cumulative stress that results from duties of work and family roles

interindividual conflict

conflict that occurs when two people are striving to attain their own goals, thus blocking the others achievement

intragroup conflict

conflict that arises when a person or faction within a group attempts to achieve a goal that interferes with the group's goals

cooperation

working together

reciprocity rule

tendency for persons to pay back those whom they are indebted to

task interdependence

the degree to which an individual's task performance depends on the efforts or skills of others

social loafing

phenomenon whereby individuals working in groups exert less effort than when working alone

competition

individual vs. collective goals. process where group members are pitted against one another to achieve individual goals

cohesiveness

attention and bonding

we-they feeling

intragroup cohesiveness created by the existence of a common threat, which is typically another group

integration

amount of quality of collaboration among the divisions of an organization

conflict

incompatibility and tension. behavior by a person or group intended to block another person or group's goal attainment

thomas kilmann conflict model

competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, accommodating

superordinate goal

goal that two conflicting parties are willing to work to attain