NURS 225 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE

Vocabulary flashcards covering renal, cardiac, GI, neurological, respiratory, endocrine, and critical nursing test strategies based on NURS 225 lecture content.

Renal calculi (pain management priority)

Provide relief until stone passes.

Renal calculi (interventions)

Increased fluids to flush stones and strain all urine.

Pre-renal failure

Triggered by hypovolemia and dehydration.

Acute renal failure

Sudden loss of kidney function.

Hyperkalemia

High potassium levels; associated with cardiac risk.

Normal urine output

$$\sim 60\,\text{mL/hr}$$

Dehydration indicator (Renal)

Weight loss.

Inflammation signs

Redness, heat, and swelling.

Systemic infection

Presented by fever and $\uparrow$ WBC (White Blood Cells).

Infection prevention

Hand hygiene is the best prevention method.

Edema

Caused by increased capillary permeability.

Histamine

Causes vasodilation and increased permeability.

Neutrophils

First responders in the inflammatory response.

Eosinophils

Cells associated with parasites.

Basophils

Involved in allergic responses.

Atypical lymphocytes

Indicate viral infections.

Lymphocytosis

$\uparrow$ lymphocytes.

MRSA

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Hypovolemic shock

Shock resulting from fluid loss, characterized by tachycardia.

Cardiogenic shock

$\downarrow$ cardiac output.

Neurogenic shock

Shock resulting from vasodilation.

Sepsis (Vital sign criteria)

HR >100, BP <90.

Arrhythmias (Cause)

Electrolyte imbalance.

CAD risk factor

LDL >160.

Left-sided heart failure

Characterized by crackles and dyspnea.

Diverticulitis

Inflamed diverticula.

Diverticula

Pouches in the colon.

GI Obstruction

Absence of bowel movements.

Intussusception

Telescoping of the intestine.

Volvulus

Twisted intestine.

Crohn’s disease

Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Ulcerative colitis

Inflammation characterized by bloody diarrhea.

GERD

Acid reflux.

Steatorrhea

Fatty stools.

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum characterized by rebound tenderness.

H. pylori

Bacteria that causes ulcers.

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)

Maximum score is $15$.

Stroke

Clinical sign includes facial drooped.

tPA protocol (Stroke)

Perform a CT scan before administering tPA.

ICP

Increased intracranial pressure.

Myasthenia gravis

Characterized by muscle fatigue.

Cervical injury risk

Affects the patient's ability to breathe.

Hypoxemia

Low oxygen levels in the blood.

Pneumonia

Characterized by crackles and fever.

Kussmaul breathing

Respiration pattern associated with metabolic acidosis.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration indicating low oxygen.

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Raises calcium levels.

Hypoglycemia (Clinical signs)

Cool clammy skin.

Cortisol

The stress hormone.

ACTH

Stimulates the production of cortisol.

IgG

Immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta.

IgA

Immunoglobulin found in secretions.

Passive immunity

Immunity that involves no antibody production by the individual.

Humoral immunity

Immunity involving B-cell antibodies.

Type I hypersensitivity

Allergic response.

HCO3

Indicator of metabolic status in acid-base balance.

PaCO2

Indicator of respiratory status in acid-base balance.

Metabolic acidosis (Uncompensated)

$\downarrow$ pH without respiratory compensation.

Tachycardia

Early sign of shock.

Hypotension

Late sign of shock.

Confusion

Indicates poor perfusion or an oxygen issue.

Rapid thready pulse

Indicates worsening shock.

ABC Strategy

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation; always the first priority.

Nursing Priorities (Test Strategy)

Unstable before stable; acute before chronic; new symptoms take priority.