Optics and Light Lecture Review

Flashcards covering the principles of reflection, refraction, lenses, eye defects, and basic wave properties as discussed in the lecture notes.

Reflection of light is the __________ of light rays from a surface to the same medium after striking it.

bouncing back

According to the Law of Reflection, the angle of incidence ($\theta_i$) is __________ the angle of reflection ($\theta_r$).

equal to

An image in a plane mirror is the same size as the object, at the same distance behind the mirror, and is __________ inverted.

laterally

If two plane mirrors are arranged at an angle of $\theta$, the number of images formed ($n$) is calculated by the formula __________.

$$n = \frac{360}{\theta} - 1$$

If the angle between two plane mirrors is $90^\circ$, then __________ images will be formed.

$$3$$

The speed of light in a vacuum is given as __________.

$$3 \times 10^8\,\text{m/s}$$

Refraction is the bending of light that occurs when a ray travels from one medium to another, and according to Snell's Law, it relates parameters as __________.

$$n_a \sin(\theta_i) = n_w \sin(\theta_r)$$

Refractive index ($n$) is a number that tells us how much light __________ in a material compared to a vacuum.

slows down

As light passes from one medium to another, the __________ of light remains constant ($F_a = F_w$).

frequency

The speed of light in water, assuming refractive index $n = 4/3$, is calculated to be __________.

$$2.25 \times 10^8\,\text{m/s}$$

The refractive index ($n$) of water can be defined as the ratio of real depth of an object to its __________ depth.

apparent

The __________ angle ($\theta_c$) is the angle of incidence in a denser medium for which the angle of reflection in the rarer medium becomes $90^\circ$.

critical

For light traveling from glass to air, the critical angle ($\theta_c$) is calculated using the formula __________.

$$\theta_c = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{n_g}\right)$$

The phenomenon where a ray of light is completely reflected back into a denser medium instead of refracting is known as __________.

Total internal reflection (TIR)

Three specific applications of Total Internal Reflection listed in the notes are Optical Fibers, Endoscopes, and __________.

Periscope

A __________ lens is thicker at the center and thinner at the edges, and is used to converge parallel light rays.

Convex

A __________ lens is thinner at the middle and thicker at the edges and is used in spectacles for nearsightedness.

Concave

The defect of vision where a person sees near objects clearly but far objects are blurred is called __________ (short-sightedness).

Myopia

Hypermetropia (long-sightedness) is caused by a __________ eyeball or less lens power, resulting in images forming behind the retina.

short

__________ is a vision defect caused by the irregular curvature of the eye lens or cornea, resulting in blurred vision at all distances.

Astigmatism

The separation of white light into different colors due to differences in refraction is called __________ of light.

Dispersion

The distance from the center of a converging lens to the focal point where light rays converge is marked as the __________.

focal length

Sound can reach a person behind a door because it __________ around the door, unlike light which travels straight.

diffracts

In the wave equation, wave speed ($v$) is equal to __________.

$$f \lambda$$