POLI130 Unit 4 IDs

UNC Chapel Hill Poli 130 Final ID's Flashcards

Consociationalism

Definition: Form of government that seeks to regulate power sharing in a diverse state by allocating different groups specific representation in the political system.

Example: Lebanon

Theoretical Significance: Could reduce ethnic conflict and strengthen a state, but could do the opposite by reducing inter-communal ties between groups.

Ethnic Group

Definition: A group of people who see themselves as united based on a shared belief in a common ancestor

Example: The Kurds

Theoretical Significance: Important to understand how ethnic groups can create conflict or be used to create conflict.

Nation and Nationalism

Definition: A group of people linked by unifying traits and a desire to control a territory seen as the homeland.

Example: Kurdistan

Theoretical Significance: Can offer explanations for conflict

Primordialism vs Constructivism

Definition: Primordialism is a theory of ethnic identity that says ethnicity is natural and fixed, has always existed, and is defined by kinship, language, and phenotype. Constructivism is the theory that ethnicity is created by social and political processes.

Example: Ethnic conflict in the balkans vs. Ethnic ID cards in Rwanda

Theoretical Significance: Can offer explanations to why ethnic conflict arises in areas.

Instrumentalism (ethnicity)

Definition: The theory of ethnicity as a device that can be used to unify, organize, and mobilize populations to achieve a goal.

Example: Politicians in Yugoslavia tried to spark conflict to gain power.

Theoretical Significance: Can offer explanations for why ethnic conflict arises in areas.

Hutu and Tutsi

Definition: Two distinct ethnic groups in Rwanda

Example: Associated Author: Mamdani

Theoretical Significance: Can be used as a case to explore the theories of ethnicity such as primordialism, constructivism, and instrumentalism.

Ubereetwa

Definition: System of forced, unpaid labor in Rwanda

Example: This always existed, but after being modified by colonialism, it caused conflict

Theoretical Significance: Can support or disprove Constructivism. An example of how constructivism can explain conflict.

President Juvenál Habyarimana

Definition: Former president of Rwanda

Example: His death spurred more ethnic conflict, despite the peaceful methods that had been proposed

Theoretical Significance: Shows how ethnic conflict can be furthered

Arusha accords

Definition: Proposed peace agreement by international community to share power between the Hutu and Tutsi

Example: Example of how power sharing through consociationalism

Theoretical Significance: Had the potential to prevent conflict, but wasn’t strong enough to handle future conflict. Shows that consociationalism can be ineffective.

Interhamwe

Definition: A Hutu paramilitary group

Example: Shows how ethnic conflict can convince civilians to participate in genocide.

Theoretical Significance: Shows how ethnic conflict can persist from civilians to politicians alike.

Ethnic security Dilemma

Definition: Conflict cycle in which one group experiences fear and takes actions to protect themselves, but another group views that as a threat and does the same, continuing in a cycle that turns into a full-blown conflict

Example: Happened in Yugoslavia, especially in border states, because of the quantity of Serbs in the border areas.

Anderson ex- Purchasing a hammer so your neighbor purchases a gun

Theoretical Significance: Shows how minor ethnic conflicts can turn into full blown wars.

Ethnic Entrepreneur

Definition: People who employ instrumentalism to maximize power

Example: Slobodan Milosevic

Theoretical Significance: Shows how politicians can employ or orchestrate ethnic conflict for gain

Josip Broz Tito

Definition: The leader of Yugoslavia who was successful in uniting the state before his death.

Example: His policies can prevent or help recover from conflict.

Theoretical Significance: It could be useful to utilize the policies in the face of conflict.

Slobodan Milosevic (serbia)

Definition: Serbian politician who served as the President of Serbia and later of Yugoslavia, known for his nationalist policies and role in the Yugoslav Wars.

Example: Example of an ethnic entrepreneur

Theoretical Significance: Milosevic can show instrumentalist theory in ethnic conflict, highlighting how leaders can manipulate ethnic identities for political gain.

Franjo Tudjman (Croatia)

Definition: Croatian politician

Example: Ethnic entrepreneur

Theoretical Significance: An example of an instrumentalist

Effective number of parties

Definition: How many political parties are active and significant in a political system

Example: Despite third parties, the US has two parties

Theoretical Significance: This shows that despite third parties that may form, the party systems a state has truly determines the number of parties effectively useful

Intercommunal vs Intracommunal civic associations

Definition: Intercommunal civic associations are between diverse groups but intracommunal civic associations are within a group

Example: Surat and Ahmedabad

Theoretical Significance: Can show how to prevent ethnic conflict

Surat

Definition: An Indian city with a history of relative ethnic peace

Example: Holds intercommunal groups through textile factories

Theoretical Significance: Can be used as an example of how to prevent ethnic conflicts and promote cooperation.

Ahmedbad

Definition: An Indian city with a history of ethnic riots

Example: Has lots of Hindu-dominated factories - intracommunal groups

Theoretical Significance: Can be used to prevent ethnic conflict (by doing the opposite)

BJP

Defintion: Indian political party

Example: Example of political group that used ethnic conflict for own poltical gain

Theoretical Significance: Supports instrumentalism