Classification of life - taxonomy lecture 1

what is taxonomy

the naming and orderly classification of living things according to their characteristics

who wrote biological writing with some attempts at taxonomic organization, also within what time period

aristole and between 384 BCE - 322 BCE

who built the classification system used today in the 1700s

carl lines

the naming was done in which langauge

latin

advanced taxonomy that studies evolutionary relatedness between species through the advent of genetic techonologies

molecular phylogentics

approx how many life forms and what is the BEST estimate

1.7 - 2.5 million across all forms in life, 8.7 million

percentage of land and ocean specieds yet to be discovered

75-80 for land and 84-90 for ocean

classification of living things diving living organisms into three groups called

domains and kingdoms of life:6

1. domain Bacteria and kingdom:

domain Bacteria and kingdom bacteria

2. domain: archea and kingdom

domain: archea and kingdom: archea

3. domain: Eurkarya with 4 kindoms

kingdoms: protista, plantea, fungi, animalia

total of kingdoms overal?

6

charactristics of prokarytic cells

simple, small, lack membrane bound nucleus and organells

Domains of bacteria and archea consist of only

single celled prokarotic living things

1. domain bacteria and its kingdom bacteria - can be found where? and they are single celled

bacteria is found air soil water humans.

How do bacteria obtain energy, some are ___ and some are ____

heterotrophic: must obtain energy rich molecules from other living sources

autrophic: able to make their own energy using non living energy sources

natural pigment of bacteria

may have natural colors. and autrophic and photosyntic bacetria use variants of chlorophyll

what are 3 bacteria shapes

rod, sphere, spiral

are all bacteria harmeful to humans?

no, some live inside or tummy

how many human cells in body and bacteria

50-100 trillion cells and 10 times that for bacteria

bacteria used in food industry

yogurt, bread, pickles

rountin handwashing and does it remove bacteria that is usually associated with surface of skin? What does routin hand washing only remove

use regular soap and water, and NO it does NOT remove bacteria with surface of skin, it ONLY removes NON ASSOCIATED BACTERIA( that does not live on skin)

antibiotics used to treat

bacterial infections and not effective against viruses like cold or flu

2. Domain archea and kingdom archea classifications:

• rely on RNA genes

• inhabit harsh environments like hot springs, salt ponds

• differ from bacteria in their chemcial compostion

• single celled

types of archea:

thermophiles: survive usually hot temp

psychrophiles: like cold temps

halophilles: like salty habitiats

acidophiles: like acidic condtions

alkaliphiles: like alkaline environments

Domain Eurkaya with its 4 kindgdoms consists of

all living things consist of eukaryotic cells , in this domain both single and multicelluar lving things

what is a eukarotic cell

complex, larger, and have memebrance bound nucleus, orgenelles

Kindom Protista consits

• AQUATIC

• pond water organisms

• amoeba, algae, and multicelluar things like kelp

Kingdom fungi

mushrooms, truffles, mold (MULTICELLUAR)

• yeast unicelluar forms

• HETEROTOPHIC: gets energy from feeding organic stuff

• Pencillin is first antibiotic and was discovered in 1928 by alxander fleming

what are the lichens?

alga and fungus growing inclose association on solid surface

3. kindgom plantea

• species are multicelluar

• autrophs live on land (photosyntheitc)

• like trees and moss

4. kingdom animalia consists of

multicelluar heterothopes

live on land or water

animals have more complex structure than other organisms

what is the scientic name of living things made up?

genus + species

• genus is name is captalized and species name is italics

what is scientic name for humans

Homo spaians