History 3 Finals

Perstrokia

a policy by Mikhail Gorbachev to restructure and improve the Soviet economy and government in the 1980s.

Glasnot

a policy by Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed more openness, free speech, and less censorship in the Soviet Union.

Mikhail Gorbachev

A reform-minded leader who tried to make the Soviet Union more open and improve its economy. He was more peaceful and less strict than earlier Soviet leaders.

Ronald Reagan

The President of the US. He was strongly against communism and helped pressure the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He later worked with Mikhail Gorbachev to reduce tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

The Immediate Range INF treaty

An agreement between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev to eliminate intermediate-range missiles to reduce Cold War tensions.

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)-starwars

• The U.S. plan announced by Ronald Reagan in 1983

• Official idea: build a system to stop nuclear missiles before they hit the U.S.

• Not fully built or working at the time

• worried the Soviet Union and increased tensions

Berlin wall falls/ East germeny

• The Berlin Wall fell in 1989

• It separated East Germany (communist) and West Germany (democratic) before that

• People in East Germany protested and demanded freedom to travel

• The government finally opened the borders

• The wall was taken down soon after

Yougoslovia breaks up- why?

broke up because ethnic groups wanted independence and the government became too weak to hold the country together after communism fell.

Ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims

Some Serb forces tried to force Bosnian Muslims out of certain areas. This included violence, forced removal, and destruction of communities. It happened because of ethnic hatred and control of land after Yugoslavia broke apart.

solbadon milosovic

Serbian Leader he was the cause for the bosnian ethnic cleansing

China one child policy

China limited most families to one child to slow population growth. Families were rewarded if they followed the rules.

Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations

Agriculture, Industry, Defense, Science & technology

He made China less strict economically and more open to business, which helped it grow quickly.

What Caused Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

People protested because they wanted more freedom, less corruption, and political change, but the government shut it down.

Mandate system

1. After World War I, the League of Nations gave European countries control over former German and Ottoman lands

2. Britain and France governed these territories until they were supposedly ready for independence

Balfour Decleration

• Britain supported creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine in 1917

• It increased Jewish immigration to Palestine

Zionism/Zionsit

• Zionism = the movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

• A Zionist is someone who supports that movement

Colonel Mustafa Kemal - AKA “Ataturk” - Who was he and what reforms did he make in Turkey?

• First president of turkey

• Made turkey secular

• Made turkey more western

Arab League

worked together on political issues, including opposition to Israel after its creation.

1948 Arab-Israeli War - Events and Results?

• Israel declared independence

• Neighboring countries attacked Israel

• Israel won and gained land

• tensions arose and more refugees

OPEC - What is it and how did they punish countries that supported Israel in the 1973 War?

• Group of countries that control oil

• Had an oil embargo

• Oil prices increased

Camp David Accords

Peace agreement between Isreal and Egypt (Anwar Sadat). Carter led it.

• recognize Isreal

• Give back Sinai penensula

Anwar Sadat

Prez of Egypt and did camp david accords with Isreal

PLO

Palestinian Liberation Organization- group to represent the palestinian’s

Intifada

Uprising against Israel from the Palestinian people, PLO

Oslo Accords

Peace agreements between PLO and Isreal

• Recognize eachother

• Planned steps of self rule for palestinians in some parts.

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi -Why did some Iranians not like his rule? 

• Authoritarian

• Corrupt and unfair

• Very close with USA

• Modernizations helped rich more

Iranian Revolution

• Opposed shah Mohammed Reza

• Mass protests

• Shah fled

• Iran became and Islamic country

Hostage Crisis of 1979

• Many iranians upset that the USA helped the Shah

• Iranian students took over the Iranian embassy

• Right when Reagan became president, they released them

Iran-Iraq war

• disputes over lard

• Iraq invaded Iran

• no clear winner

• lotes dead

• very expensive

Gulf war

• Iraq invaded kuaiwat

• They werent follwowing the rules for oil

• USA called from saudi

• USA had colition on iraq

Afghanistan and the Taliban

After Soviet Union left Taliban took over.

They ruled with strict religious laws

Osama bin Laden

The leader of Al-queda, from saudi arabia.

Second Intifada

More violent then first

After tensions just continued to grow

Hamas

Goal: Have an independent palestinan state

Arab springs

Series of protests from unfair goverments in the arab countries, known for the new use of social media.

9/11 who was behind the attacks and where?

Al-queda

Twin towers

Pentagon

A field in Pennsylvania (after passengers fought back)

War on terrisiom

• Started after 9/11

• Led by Bush

• Try to fight terrisom

Terrisom v state-sponsored terrsisom

Goal: scare people and push political or religious goals by non-government groups.

The government secretly or indirectly supports terrorist groups, which can include money, weapons, or protection. Goal: weaken enemies without direct war

Why do some in the Middle East grow to resent the U.S.?

• They supported the Shah of Iran (Mohummed Reza)

• They support Isreal

• Military involment (Afganistan,Iraq ect.)

War on Afganistan

The USA blamed Al-Qaeda, which Osama bin Laden led. The group was being protected by the Taliban in Pakistan. (Government-sponsored terrorism.) So the USA invaded Afghanistan to take down Al-Qaeda.

War on Iraq

The USA claimed that Iraq had WMD. Even though Saddam Hussein, the president, said they didn’t have any. The USA removed him from power, only to find out it was useless.

U.S. Patriot Act

• Passed after 9/11 attacks

• Gave the U.S. government more power to track and stop terrorism

• Allowed increased phone and internet surveillance

• They did this so they can easily track terrorists

Department of Homeland Security

Created after 9/11

Goal: protect the USA from any more terroist attacks

ex. TSA and border control

ISIS

Extremist group

Known for taking over countries especially after they are weak after civil wars.

Family Medical Leave Act

Law that was passed that allowed familes to take time off without losing their jobs.

Brady Bill

US law passed that requeried background checks before purchasing a gun.

Clinton’s Successes and Setbacks

• Good:Strong economy

• Passed good laws (brady law) (Family medical leave act)

• Bad: His impeachment for prejury and obstruction of jury.

• Scandels (monica)

Hurricane Katrina - Significance? Lessons Learned?

• One of the most deadly huricanes in USA history

• Exposed major weaknessess in emergency response.

• The government must improve disaster preparedness and response

Subprime loans

Banks gave risky loans → people couldn’t pay → the housing market crashed → the economy went into a recession.

Bush’s “Bailout”

It was when the government stepped in during the 2008 crisis and gave money to banks so they wouldn’t collapse, this is after bad loans(subprime loans)