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is an organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences

Research

According to him, research is an organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences

Walker

is a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem

Research

According to him, research is a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem

Crawford

2 categories of research

1. basic research

2. applied research

Is a type of research that is a purely direct application but increasing the nature of understanding about the problem.

basic research

is a type of research that needs an answer to a specific question.

applied research

Characteristics of Research

1. empirical

2. systematic

3. controlled

4. employs hypothesis

5. analytical

6. objective

7. original work

it is based on observations and experiments of theories

empirical

it follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles

systematic

In research, all variables, except those that are tested/ experimented on, are kept constant

controlled

refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems

employs hypothesis

shows analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and or case study

analytical

it is unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based on real-life situations

objective

it requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete the study

original work

Enumerate the process of research

1. Identify your problem

2. gather information

3. look for related literature

4. review the literature gathered

5. identify the research design

6. collect and analyze the data

7. draw conclusions and results

8. prepare the draft of your paper

9. cite your sources

Look for a topic that you are interested in, and find out if there is something about it that you can further study and research.  

Identify your problem

Look for preliminary information that can help you check if the topic you have chosen is worth exploring as a research material. 

Gather information

Once you have verified that your chosen topic is indeed researchable, proceed to look for more information and materials that will aid you in conducting the research. 

Look for related literature

“What evidence is already presented?”

Look for related literature

Synthesize the written information that you have researched. 

Review the literature gathered

Decide on the design that is most applicable for your study. Likewise, determine the possible data measurement procedure that you can use. 

Identify the research design

“Where will the study be shown and with what population?”

Identify the research design

Once you have identified your design, you may now start collecting actual and original data. When you have gathered enough data that you need, analyze and summarize your findings. 

collect and analyze the data

 “Are we ready to gather the data? Where do we find the data?”

Collect and analyze the data

 “How do the data answer the research queries?

Collect and analyze the data

From your findings, draw out your conclusions and give your recommendations. 

Draw conclusions and results

“What are the implications of the results?”

Draw conclusions and results

Once you have verified and studied all the information you have gathered, start drafting your paper. Organize the information systematically.

Prepare the draft of your paper

To establish the credibility of your research paper, make sure that you properly acknowledge the sources which you have used. 

Cite your sources

Kinds of research according to purpose

1. descriptive research

2. correlational research

3. causal-comparative research

4. experimental research

5. quasi-experimental research

is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in nature.

descriptive research

involves the collection of data to either test a hypothesis or describe the variables mentioned in the study. 

descriptive research

identifies the relationship between variables.

correlational research

attempts to determine the level of relation between two or more quantifiable variables. 

Correlational research

also known as "Ex post facto design" which means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon. 

Causal-comparative research

used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions.

Causal-comparative research

attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among the variables of the study. 

Causal-comparative research

the researcher can control the independent variables in the study, wherein the participants are randomly designed. 

experimental research

is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables.

Quasi-experimental research

an alternative to determine the causes and effects between two variables that cannot be subjected to experimental control.

Quasi-experimental research

Kinds of Research According to the Type of Data Used

1. Qualitative Research

2. Quantitative Research

3. Mixed Method Research

Uses non-numerical data gathered from first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires, case studies, and similar data-gathering devices.

Qualitative Research

Refers to a systematic investigation of phenomena conducted by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational analysis.

Quantitative Research

This type of research uses a combination of numerical and non-numerical methods of gathering data. 

Mixed Method Research