Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Vocabulary flashcards to review key terms and concepts related to hypothesis testing.

Inferential Statistics

Statistics that make inferences about populations based on sample data.

Hypothesis

A prediction intended to test a research study.

Theory

A set of principles that explain a psychological or behavioral process, leading to specific testable hypotheses.

Z-score

A statistic that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Critical Value

A threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that there is no effect or difference, to be tested against an alternative hypothesis.

Statistical Significance

A result that is unlikely to have occurred by chance, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

One-Tailed Test

A hypothesis test that predicts the direction of the expected effect.

Two-Tailed Test

A hypothesis test that does not predict the direction of the expected effect, only that there will be a difference.

P-value

The probability of observing results at least as extreme as the ones obtained, given that the null hypothesis is true.