History unit 5

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

Industrialization

The active coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Immigration

The process of making an area more urban

Urbanization

To make changes in order to improve something

Reform

The practice or state of being a slave

Slavery

An area of crops for commercial purposes

Plantation

A room or set of rooms within a house

Tenements

The act of abolishing a system

Abolition

The quality of moderation/self restraint

Temperance

What was the industrial revolution?

A period of rapid growth of using machines for manufacturing

Who invented the water frame and what was it

It was invented by Richard Arkwright

Was a spinning frame that created 12 cotton threads at a time. Helped grow clothing industry because cloth could be made faster and helped the growth of clothes factories in Great Britain.

Who invented the Power loom and spinning mill

Samuel Slater

SM-Used water to spin cotton into thread

PL-Same as water frame, it was illegally bought

Who invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin and what were they

Eli Whitney

Was parts of a machine that were identical. It increased industrialization in the US.

Was a machine that separates the cotton fibers from the seeds

Who invented the steel plow and what was it?

John Deere

Was a steel plow that could get through tough soil without clogging

Who invented the steamboat (the clermont was its name) and what was it?

Robert Fulton

Used steam power to propel a paddlewheel

Who invented the telegraph and what was it

Samuel Morse

could send info over wires across far distances using Morse code.

What were the main social changes

Urbanization, crowded housing, and unclean sanitation systems

What were the working conditions like in the 1800s

Lots of opportunities but it was hard with low pay

What were some positives to the industrial revolution?

It improve transportation, communication, and manufacturing

Why did most immigrants come to the US

Religious freedom

Why did the Irish come to the US?

The potato famine left families without food. They moved to northern states and worked in factories

What was the urban challenge

1. Space- transportation was limited and ppl needed to be closer to their job, so tenements were created

2. Public services: Cities were very dirty

Why did Germans come to the US

Mostly for economic reasons, they became farmers when they got here

Why did the Chinese come to the US

The California Gold Rush. They were looking to escape economic hardship and famine.

Who were nativists

People who opposed immigration

What was the know-nothing party

A party founded by natives, which was trying to keep Catholics out out of office and to require immigrants to live in the US for 21 years before becoming a citizen

What is transcendentalism?

They be belief that people could transcend or rise above the material things in life

What did Henry David Theroux do

Was an abolitionist and wrote poetry about slavery

What is a utopian society

Groups of people who wanted a perfect society

What is romanticism

A movement based on art and literature that many people painted and wrote about nature

What was the prison reform

A reform where people with mental illnesses would be locked in prisons and people wanted to better the prison conditions

Who was a leader in the prison reform and what did they do

Dorothea Dix, led to creation of mental hospitals and tried to improve conditions

What was the abolitionist movement?

A movement that sought to end slavery

Who were the main leaders of the abolition movement

Harriet Tubman, she helped with the Underground Railroad

Frederick Douglass, he wrote speeches and the northern star, which was a newspaper about slavery

What was the education reform?

A reform that wanted to establish public school systems and helped shape the foundation of the modern public education system

Who was the main leader of the education reform?

Horace Mann, he argued that education was essential for a strong democracy and worked to improve teacher training length in the school year and more

What was the woman’s rights movement?

Woman were frustrated about fighting for a quality for others, but they were lacking rights themselves and so they wanted to be able to vote

Who were the main leaders of the women’s rights movement

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretta Mott and they founded Seneca Falls convention where leaders spoke out and wrote the declaration of sentiments which was a document modeled by the dec of i but for women’s rights

what was the disabled movement?

Disable people were unable to gain care for years and so people tried to change that

Who were the main leaders of the disabled movement?

Reverend Gallaudet, he cofounded the first deaf education institution

What was the temperance movement?

A movement that aimed to reduce alcohol consumption

Who was the main leader in the temperance movement?

Carrie nation, and she destroyed saloons protested against the damage. Alcohol can do to families and raised awareness.

What was the labor reform?

A time where workers faced dangerous working conditions, and they tried to address the challenges and improve life

Who was a main leader in the labor reform?

Samuel Gompers, and he worked to improve working conditions and gave workers a stronger voice

What was the second great awakening

A major religious movement that spread through the US and was a time of religious ferver and revival

What three branches were formed during the second great awakening

Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian

What is a circuit rider

A traveling preacher

What were issues with cotton in the south

It took too long to unseed

What was invented that made it better

The cotton gin and it made it a lot faster

What phrase was used to describe the importance of cotton on the South’s economy

“Cotton is king”

What industry was impacted first by the industrial revolution in the US?

The textile (clothing) industry