hums exam

Industrial revolution

A time during 1750s to 1900s where everything shifted to machine based factories

Industrial

Building factories and growing industries in a nation

When and where did Industrial Revolution begin?

It started in Great Britain in the 1750s and then it spread to Europe, North America, and all over the world

Why did Britain first industrialise?

They realised that it offered better agriculture, natural resources, and a more stable and political environment

Coal and iron significancy

Coal was a vital resource for powering steam engines. Iron was heavy duty material which was good for building railways and bridges.

How did population affect industrialisation

There was lots of mass production of goods, and rapid social change, lots of people moved from farms to the city, more transportation introduced, countries competed for power and land.

Why was agriculture important and how did it lead to population growth?

This enabled more food, growth and transport. It boosted food availability which attracted people to settle down from farms to the central areas.

Steam engine importance

James Watt invented the steam engine which was important because it converted heat into mechanical work.

Name three inventions and explain

spinning jenny helped make 8 times more yarn at a time

steam engine turned heat into motion

stocking frame helped knit stockings

I can explain how railways changed transport

the railways reduced travel time and improved trade and communication

how did factories change production

instead of handmade goods it improved by having mechanised mass production.

telegraph and telephone difference

telegraph was the first phone and it transmits text through code and requires an operator. telephone transmit real time analog voice signals allowing two people to have a on going conversation

urbanisation

the rise of cities where people moved from rural areas for factory jobs and higher living standards

how did cities change because of industrial revolution

there was rapid population growth, and due to the amount of people there was lots of overcrowding, and lack of sanitation

working conditions

it is very dangerous, harsh, noisy, long hours and fines and punishments for being late

positive impacts of industrialisation

more goods could be produced faster and transported at lower costs

negative impacts of industrialisation

factory work became repetitive, dangerous and poorly paid

what impact did it have on workers

it was gruelling work hours, dangerous conditions and severe exploitation

what impact did it have on children

children suffered from working 12-16 hours, they had to fit in dangerous places, child labour, and had minimal pay

steam machine

allowed the water to flow to coal mines

who is james cook

he discovered Australia and claimed the east coast in 1770

why was Britain interested in Australia

they had to solve a massive prison crisis after losing american colonies and get supplied with raw materials

terra nulius

land belonging to no one

when did the first fleet happened

The first fleet happened on May 1787 when they departed from england and arrived at Botany Bay in Janunary 1788

Why did the British colonise Australia

they established a penal colony which was when they had to find a new place to send prisoners

why did they move to sydney cove

the soil was very poor and there was barely any fresh water

some challenges of the first fleet

they were unfamiliar with thier surrounding, they had not enough food, and there was very severe diseases

convicts role

they helped build australia by constructing roads, buildingsand developed farms for the colony. many convicts turned into successful buisiness owners.

punishments for convicts

they would usually get more prison time, fines, community service jobs

when and where was gold discovered

gold was found in ballarat in 1851

how it changed australias population

it changed australia’s population by tripling in size and it made it a very multicultural society

when was the eureka stockade

the eureka stockade was 1854 december 3

why were miners unhappy

they were unhappy because the mining was unfair and there was alot of police corruption

mining license

a mining license offered the right to vote which costed less

what happened during the eureka stockade

people won for equal rights by protesting

I can explain why the Eureka Stockade is historically significant

it was significant because it was the start of democracy and defining workers rights

federation

uniting colonies into one nation with a central government

what are the six british colonies

tasmania, victoria, nsw, south australia, western australia, queensland

when did australia federate

they became a federated nation on january 1 1901

why was federation supported