disabilities exam 3

why are people with disabilities at higher risk for victimization?

dependence on others + power imbalance + isolation

what is abuse?

anything that causes harm to an individual

types of abuse?

physical, sexual, emotional, financial, neglect

who are abusers often?

caregivers (especially pas providers)

why is abuse hard to report?

fear, not being believed, lack of accessible services, risk of losing independence

who is most at risk?

women + people with cognitive disabilities

what are personal assistant services (pas)?

services that help people with daily living tasks

what issue can occur with pas?

power imbalance between provider and person receiving care

examples of pas abuse?

verbal abuse, stealing money, messing with meds/equipment

do pwd have the right to vote?

yes, disability does not remove this right

common barriers to voting?

inaccessible polling places, difficult materials, untrained workers

can people with ID’s vote?

yes, not automatically excluded

is voter assistance allowed?

yes, it is a right

what are concerns with voter assistance?

fraud and coercion

what is demedicalization?

moving away from treating disability as a medical problem

what is consumerism in disability services?

people with disabilities have control and choice over their services

advantages of homeownership for pwd?

independence, control, higher social status, better life satisfaction

what does homeownership increase?

self-determination and responsibility

housing challenges for pwd?

affordability, discrimination, limited availability, aging caregivers

how were pas traditionally viewed?

medically based

how are pas viewed now?

a cost effective alternative to institutions

types of pas providers?

agency providers and independent providers

what services can pas include besides care?

independent living skills, peer support, advocacy, referrals

what does “freedom from” mean in leisure?

freedom from work, obligations, and constraints

what does “freedom to” mean in leisure?

freedom to choose activities you enjoy

physical benefits of leisure?

exercise and movement

emotional benefits of leisure?

self confidence, independence, self determination

social benefits of leisure?

social skills, more interaction, more opportunities

what are inclusive leisure activities?

activities with accommodations so everyone participates together

benefits of inclusive activities?

feel included, higher motivation

what are segregated activities?

separate activities designed for people with disabilities

benefit of segregated activities?

can be a step toward inclusion

what is post-secondary education?

education after high school (college, trade school, etc…)

what was enrollment like for students with ID?

very low (about 2% in 2009)

what did the HEOA do?

increased access to college for students with ID

what opportunities did HEOA provide?

access to higher education + eligibility for financial aid

what else did HEOA improve?

transition planning and support systems from K-12 to college

what is a mixed/hybrid model of post-secondary programs?

students take classes with both disabled and non-disabled peers

what is a substantially separate model?

students only take classes with other students with disabilities

what is an inclusive individual support model?

no set program- supports are based on student needs/goals

what academic supports help students succeed?

peer mentors, tutors, and accommodations

what employment strategies are important?

internships, career focus, working with employers

what independent living skills are taught?

money, transportation, daily living skills

what social supports are included?

access to campus events and building social connections

what is a key overall goal of programs?

increasing self-determination

what is the employment rate for pwd?

about 34% (historically low)

why is unemployment for pwd a problem?

financial cost + dependence on public assistance

why might pwd not seek jobs?

risk of losing benefits + lack of guidance

what is sheltered employment?

separate workplaces only for people with disabilities, low pay, repetitive work

what is supported employment?

pwd work in regular jobs with support

key difference between sheltered employment and supported employment?

sheltered = segregated

supported = inclusive

what supports are included in supported employment?

help getting and keeping a job + ongoing support

what is emphasized in supported employment?

career development and workplace inclusion

outcomes of successful supported employment?

higher wages, independence, less reliance on assistance

what is an enclave?

small group (3-8 workers) with a supervisor in one workplace

what is a mobile work crew?

group travels to different job sites with supervisors

what is a job coach?

one on one support to learn job skills

what makes a workplace successful for pwd?

preparation, accessibility, and planning for needs

what role do expectations play?

high expectations improve success and inclusion

positive outcomes of inclusive workplaces?

good productivity + low turnover

do most pwd need accommodations?

no (over 70% don’t)

cost of most accommodations?

usually low ($500 or less)

examples of accommodations?

flexible hours, modified equipment, written instructions

what is progression toward independent living?

moving from dependence to supported to full independence

disadvantages of independent living?

cost, isolation, responsibility

key idea of consumerism in disability services?

the person is in control of their services

what is the goal of post secondary programs?

independence, employment, and social skills

key feature of supported employment?

real jobs with real pay in integrated settings