Chapter 9 Biology

The scientific study of heredity is refereed to as …

Genetics

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called….

Heredity

What does Mendel refer to as “heritable factors”

Genes

A heritable factor that varies among Individuals, such as flower color, eye color or
height is called a …

Character

What are some reasons that Mendel’s research was correct/successful

Repetition in experimentation leading to hypotheses, theories and LAWS

Mendel chose to study pea plants because …

They were easy to cultivate, grew quickly, and had distinct, easily observable traits

What happened in Mendel’s experiment when cross-bread the P generation (true-breading generation) which was one pea plant with purple flowers and one pea plant with white flowers.

Only purple pee plants could be produced from the P generation, creating the F1 generation

What happened when Mendel cross-bread the F1 generation (Two purple flowers)

Three purple flowers were produced and one white flower (F2 Generation)

What is the first law in Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Alleles are alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters

What is the second law in Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent

In Mendel’s second part of the Law of Segregation, can alleles be the same or different.

They can be both the same or different

In Mendel’s second part of the Law of Segregation, what does Homozygous mean?

Individuals have the same allele on both chromosomes

In Mendel’s second part of the Law of Segregation, what does Heterozygous mean?

Individuals have a different allele on each chromosomes

What is the third law in Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

If the alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism’s appearance and is called the dominant allele. The other has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance and is called the recessive allele

In Mendel’s third part of the Law of Segregation, what is a phenotype?

The appearance or expression of a trait

Is the outward physical trait/appearance

In Mendel’s third part of the Law of Segregation, what is a Genotype?

The genetic (allele) makeup of a trait

is the genetic composition – Indicating which alleles are on the genes

What is the fourth law in Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate (segregate) from each other during the production of gametes

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Locus

A dihybrid cross uses true-breeding plants differing in how many characters?

2

What happened when Mendel used dihybrid crossing to breed this P generation (round yellow seeds times wrinkled green seeds)

All of the plants were round and yellow ( F1 generation = RrYy)

What happened when Mendel used dihybrid crossing to breed the F1 generation (All of the plants were round and yellow, F1 generation = RrYy)

9 had round yellow seeds, 3 had wrinkled yellow seeds, 3 had round green seeds, and 1 had a wrinkled green seed

Mendel’s conclusion from dihybrid crossing …

Suggests that the inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another (Law of Independent Assortment)

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states …

That allele pairs separate Independently during the formation of gametes

A recessive phenotype always results from a …

Homozygous recessive genotype (aa)

A dominant phenotype can result from either …

the homozygous dominant genotype (AA) or a heterozygous genotype (Aa)