level 3 electricity in esthetics

devices use energy created by electricity to achieve results in a treatment. what are the 3-4 effects created by electic devices?

thermal effect, mechanical or magnetic effect, and electrochemical effect.

thermal effect

produces heat or warmth

mild thermal effect

mild heat that relaxes muscles and increase blood circulation

intense thermal effect

intense heat that destroys cells and tissue.

pyrolysis

thermal breakdown of the skin; evident when a blister forms on burned skin

what are the three ways thermal energy can be transfeered from one object to another?

conduction, convection, radiation

conduction

transfer of heat via direct contact

convection

transfer of heat via liquid or gas

radiation

transfer of heat through a vacuum (empty space)

what are 4 devices that uses thermal effect?

steamer, lucas spray pulverizer, electric mask9heated mitts and booties, high frequency

benefits to a steamer device?

moist heat increases desquamation, activates enzymes used for exfoliation. loosens trapped debris and increases vasodilation of caplillaries

how is thermal energy transfered through a steamer device?

by convection

benefits of a lucas spray pulverizer?

increases hydration by delivering ingredient and moist heat. and increases vasodilation of capillaries

how is thermal energy transfered through a lucas spray pulverizer?

by convection

benefits of a electric mask/heated mitts and booties?

hydrate by enhancing product absorption, increase vasodiltion and relaxes muscles

how is thermal energy transfered through a electric mask/heated mitts and booties?

by conduction

benefits of a high frequency machine?

disinfection and increases microcirculation

how is thermal energry transfered through high frequency?

by conduction

mechanical or magnetic effect

when mechanical energy flows from the motor to the attachment

what are 3 devices that uses the mechanical or magnetic effect?

rotating brush, vacuum spray, microdermabrasion

benefits of using a rotating brush?

loosens trapped debris, exfoliates skin, increases vasodilation of capillaries

how does mechanical energy work on a rotating brush?

energy drives brush head

benefits of using a vacuum spray?

balances pH by delivering toner to skin, loosens trapped debris, increases mircrocirculation.

how does mechanical energy work on a vacuum spray?

the energy drives the motor to create airflow or vacuum. the attachments determins the vacuum or spray action.

benefits of microdermabrasion?

exfoliates skin and increases microcirculation

how does mechanical energy work on a microdermabrasion?

the energy drives the motor to create airflow or vacuum, the attachments delivers abrasive material and vacuum action.

electrochemical effect

when electric current travel through a solid electrode and liquid conductor.

benefits of a galvanic device

deep cleansing, stimulation of mircrocirculation, soothing, tissue tightening, enhances prodcut absorption and reduces erythema.

direct current uses active electrode to deliver what? in which results based on charge

negative and positive charge

Anaphoresis = desincrustation

negative pole

cataphoresis = lontophoresis

positive pole

benefits of microcurrent

tissue tightening, stimulation oof mircrocirculation and muscle motor points, enhances product absorption, and soothes nerve endings

how does microcurrent work?

modified direct current delivered with two electrodes. movements preformed with electrodes help determine results

combination effect

achieved when two or more effects of electric energy are produced at the same time

ultrasonic spatula

aids in exfoliation (mechanical) while generating heat to increase microcirculation (thermal)

a multi-function machine features what? and what are some examples?

a combination of different electrical units. steamer, brush, vacuum spray, and high frequency are some examples.

electrotherapy

use of electricity for therapeutic purposes

what are some typical physical therapy results?

reduction in pain and of edema (swelling), muscle and nerve stimulation

how does esthetic electrotherapy devices improve the skin’s appearance?

stimulation, pruduct application enhancement, and deep cleansing

what are the two types of current used in esthetics electrotherapy?

direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)

examples of direct current?

galvanic, faradic, pulsed DC

galvanic

uninterrupted DC; polarity varies, used in galvanic and micricurrent devices

faradic

interrupted DC; visibly stimulates muscles and is used in electrical muscle stimulation devices (EMS)

pulsed DC

direct current with one polarity; varying intensities and waveforms. is used to stimulate muscles and in some microcurrent devices.

two examples of alternating current

sinusoidal and high frequency

sinusoidal

alternating current with sine waveforms and low frequency (<50Hz) used in electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)

high frequency

alternating current with high frequency (<200,000Hz) used in high frecuency devices.

pulse

length of time current is flowing

frequency

number of electrical pulses delivered to the body in one second.

phototherapy is also known as

light therapy

when working with laser and IPL devices it is madatory that…

you take advanced studies in light physics and laser use

light in esthetics

is part of the electromagnetic spectrum that ranges from radio waves to gamma rays.

what are 5 key facts about light?

it’s a source of energy that vibrates in waves from the sun. it’s energy in the form of waves or partitcles of electric and magnetic fields, called electromagnetic radiation. plants use light energy in photosynthesis, which produces oxygen. light is always moving; it can’t be stored but can be generated. humans can only see visible light.

the effect of light are dependent on 3 things

the device, absorption in the skin, and wavelength

photothermal

prolonged heating of tissues with light to cause ablation (removal or death of the tissue)

photochemical

reaction with light and molecules in the body that cause a chemical change or cellular stimulation

what is an example of photochemical?

within the skin is the formation of vitamin D

photo-bio stimulation

relates to the use of a low-heat device to stimulate cellular processes. example being LED light therapy

photomechanical

short pulses of light and heat break up target molecules

photothermal on the skin

heats and destroys tissue or uses selective photothermolysis to target chromophores

examples of photothermal on the skin

CO2 laser, IPL, Non-ablative lasers

photochemical on the skin

light creates a chemical reaction or cellular stimulation in the body

examples of photochemical on the skin

LED

photomechanical on the skin

short burst of light and heat breaks up target molecules within tissue

examples of photomechanical on the skin

tattoo removal, laser

light-tissue interaction helps to explain…

how light affects the body

what are the 4 ways light-tissue interacts on the skin?

scattering,reflection, transmission, absorption

scattering

photons hit the surface and are scattered. depth of light prenetration is limited.

reflection

photons hit the surface and bounce back.

transmission

photons penetrate the surface; skin colour impacts the transmission.

absorption

photons are absorbed by chromophores in tissue; this generates heat or stimulates cellular processes

what concerns are there with light-tissue interation?

photosensitivity; medications, disease. and topical products can cause the skin to be more sensitive to light.

electromagnetic radiation

when heat energy is transferred by radiation, these electrons move in wavelike patterns

wavelength

the measurement of a wave. waves are measured from the crest of one wave to the crest of another.

electromagnetic spectrum

the range of all the wavelengths that can be produced by radiant energy.

the shorter the wavelength the…

more energy the wave is carrying

example of a short wavelength

x-rays

examples of a long wavelength

television and radio signals

the electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all electromagnetic radiation including what?

light, our eyes can see visible light, but the spectrum also contains invisible light.

infrared

invisible rays beyond red. over 50% of sunlight is composed of these invisible rays.

ultraviolet

invisible rays beyond violet. a small percentage (10%) of natural sunlight is composed of these invisible rays.

which type of inivisible rays is responsible for DNA damage and skin damage in the form of a sun burn?

ultraviolet (UV)

visible light

400-700 nm range. human eye sees colours, often used in therapeutic applications

invisible light

human eye cannot see. heat energy can be felt. can be very damaging. UVA, UVB, and UVC

what is infrared (IR) range?

750 nm - 1nm

what is ultraviolet range?

315nm - 280nm

what happens when visible light hits an object?

the wavelengths either get absorbed or reflected off the object.

combination light

white light

when selecting a light therapy device which range (visible lgiht, ultraviolet, or infrared) is important to consider?

visivle range 400-700 nm

what happens if white light (sunlight or light from a light bulb) passes through a prisim?

the wavelength are separated and become visible as seven colours; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.

which of the waves of the visible spectrum are the longest?

red

which of the waves of the visible spectrum are the shortest?

violet

what are 3 types of combination (white) light?

fluorescent. incandescent, LED

fluorescent

can create “blue” tones or “cool” casts on the objects it lights. it’s economical and a long lasting light source. but can be irritating to some people.

incandescent

commonly produces reddder tones or warmer cast. it can ccreate excessive heat and is more expensive to operate and replace than fluorescent light, it creates the closest subsstitute for natural sunlight.

LED

are close to being adopted as the mainstrean light source, come to full brightness with no need to warm up. and is available in neautral, cool, or warm casts.

esthetics professionals use what type of light to produce photothermal and phtotochemical effects?

infrared and ultraviolet

what are the benefits of using infrared (IR) light?

it produces heat so it; increases circulation and skin gland secretions, relaxes muscles, and stimulates cell and tissue activity.

what are the caution/rules when using infrared (IR) light?

exposure time ranges from 5-15 minutes, light should be placed at least 30’’ (75cm) away from the face or body, client is required to wear eye pads or protective eye forms.

why use ultraviolet light (UV) in esthetics?

small doses of UV light help the body produce vitaminm D. UV light is germicidal and can kill bacteria that causes skin infections.