geography chaper 10 test

Demography

The study of human population

Population

The numerical number of people living in a given area

Birth rate

BPY/TOT POP X 1000

Death rate

DPY/TOT POP X 1000

Natural increase rate

BR-DR

Immigration rate

IPY/TOT POP X 1000

Emigration rate

EPY/TOT POP X 1000

Net migration rate

IR-ER

• Population growth rate

• NIR+NMR

• A countries population growth or decline has a major influence on people’s lives

• Growth in population can cause serious issues in providing enough housing, education, health care, and jobs

• Decline in population can cause shortages of workers and businesses dealing with a shrinking market

Canada’s immigration history

• Most of the population is made of immigrants

• Little population is made of indigenous people

Reasons why people become immigrants

• Climate

• job market

• Safety

• Family

• Education

• Political stability

• Push factors

• Reasons that encourage people to move away from their current country

• Example: climate, threat of war, poor environmental conditions, desperate economic conditions

Pull factors

• Reasons that make a particular country seem attractive to potential immigrants

• Examples:education, economic opportunities, political stability, relatives in another country

Obsticals to become an immigrant

• The person may not qualify to become a resident

• The cost to immigrate is high

• Difficulty of leaving behind familiar life

Immigration settlement patterns

• Toronto and Vancouver have the largest immigration population in Canada

Why immigrants choose to live in large cities

• They come from large cities so they are most comfortable in large cities

• CMAs have large and growing economies and therefore better prospects for jobs

• Large cities provide more support, in the form of agencies, in easing the transition to life in Canada

2 types of internal migration in Canada

• Intraprovincal migration: people moving within a province

• Interprovincial migration: moving from one Provence to another

• Most often occurs because people are looking for jobs and so they move from rural areas to urban areas

Reasons why indigenous people move to urban areas

• In search for jobs

• Poor living conditions in reserves

• Overcrowding housing

• Poverty

Reasons why indigenous people stay on reserves

• Reserve lands are set aside by trieaties and some are good for agriculture, mining, forestry jobs

• Some areas allow for the development of service industries such as tourism becoming an immigrant

• Economic immigration

• Skilled worker class

• Skilled trade class

• Canadian experience class

• Starship visa

• Temporary worker program

Social and Humanitarian immigration

• Family class

• Refugee class

• Skilled worker class

• Judged on a point system

• The point assessment is done on the family member with the highest point total

• One person qualifies the entire facility is admitted

• Engineers, doctors, nurses, are fast tracked due to high demand

Skilled trade class

• Baised on a pass or fail system with conditions like job offers, strong language skills, and 2 or more years of experience

• Examples:electricians, plumbers, machinists, loggers, and mine workers

Canadian experience class

• For immigrants who have legally worked in Canada under temporary worker program for one year

• Pass or fail system but applicants don’t need a job offer already

Start up visa

• A person must want to start a business in Canada but meet various criteria

• Temporary worker program

• Wide verity of people are accepted for this permit

• Example: athletes and workers for jobs Canada has low employment rates in

• Most of these workers must return home at the end of their work contract

Family class

• Citizens or permanent resident can sponsor close family members who want to come to Canada

• Sponsor is then financially responsible for the person for about 3-10 years

Refugee class

• a refugee is someone who moves to another country due to cruel/inhumane treatment backseats of their social group

Under international law all counties has a responsibility to accept legitimate refugees